40 research outputs found
The role of laboratory diagnostics in diagnostic workup of children with suspected rare neurometabolic diseases
NeurometaboliÄke bolesti u djeÄjoj dobi skupina su rijetkih bolesti koja se sve viÅ”e Å”iri. Tome uvelike pridonosi dostupnost novih tehnologija koje se primjenjuju u selektivnoj laboratorijskoj dijagnostici i novoroÄenaÄkom probiru nasljednih metaboliÄkih poremeÄaja. Zajedno s drugom dijagnostiÄkom obradom, takva dostupnost ujedno omoguÄuje kliniÄarima izbor dijagnostiÄkog pristupa. Brzi razvoj novih terapijskih moguÄnosti za sve veÄi broj neurometaboliÄkih poremeÄaja ujedno nameÄe potrebu za Å”to ranijim postavljanjem dijagnoze i odgovarajuÄim praÄenjem tijeka lijeÄenja. Na ove izazove moguÄe je odgovoriti viÅ”edisciplinskim pristupom bolesnom djetetu, a bitan je Äimbenik i potpora Äitavog druÅ”tva.Neurometabolic diseases in children are an ever-increasing group of rare diseases. One of the major reasons for this is the availability of new technologies used in selective laboratory diagnostics and newborn screening for inherited metabolic disorders. Such availability also furnishes clinicians with the opportunity to select diagnostic approach. Rapid development of new therapeutic possibilities for an ever-rising number of neurometabolic disorders at the same time imposes the need for early diagnosis and appropriate
monitoring of the course of therapy. It is possible to respond to these challenges by multidisciplinary approach to a diseased child,
while support of the society is an important factor
Laboratory diagnostics of emergency conditions associated with inborn errors of metabolism
Inborn errors of metabolism are a growing group of monogenic hereditary diseases whose pathogenesis may be accounted
for by biochemical disorders. The great majority of these diseases may occur as a metabolic crisis at any period of life. For
their adequate treatment, fast recognition of the cause of the metabolic disorder is necessary, as well as good collaboration
of all health professionals involved in immediate patient healthcare. On the path to final diagnosis, it is advisable to consult
specialised centres in order to select appropriate diagnostic tests and procedures
Challenges and possibilities of selective laboratory diagnostics of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis types 1 and 2 in Croatia
Neuronske ceroidne lipofuscinoze su jedna od najuÄestalijih neurometaboliÄkih poremeÄaja u djece. Sve veÄe dijagnostiÄke i terapijske moguÄnosti, prvenstveno za ceroidnu lipofuscinozu tipa 2, izazov su za pravodobno postavljanje dijagnoze koja je uglavnom povezana s veÄim dijagnostiÄkim centrima. Rana dijagnoza ove bolesti presudna je radi osiguranja optimalne skrbi za djecu i njihove obitelji, ali je izazovna prvenstveno zbog nedostatka svijesti o bolesti i nespecifiÄnosti poÄetnih simptoma. Cilj je ovog teksta pružiti osnovne informacije o dostupnosti selektivne laboratorijske dijagnostike za ceroidnu lipofuscinozu tipa 1 i tipa 2 u Republici Hrvatskoj te ove moguÄnosti ponuditi i pedijatrijskim neurolozima okolnih zemalja.Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are one of the most common neurometabolic disorders in children. Enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities, primarily for ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2, presents a challenge for timely diagnosis, which is mostly off ered in large
diagnostic centres. Early diagnosis of this disease is of utmost importance to ensure optimum care for children and their families, but
is challenging mainly due to the lack of awareness of the disease, along with its nonspecifi c initial symptoms. The aim of this article
is to provide basic information on the availability of selective laboratory diagnostics for ceroid lipofuscinosis types 1 and 2 in Croatia
and off er such diagnostics also to paediatric neurologists from neighbouring countries
Laboratorijska dijagnostika neuronske ceroidne lipofuscinoze tipa 2 (CLN2) iz suhe kapi krvi na filtarskom papiru i leukocita
Neuronska ceroidna lipofuscinoza tipa 2 (CLN2; Battenova bolest tipa 2; OMIM, #204500)
prouzroÄena je nedostatnom aktivnoÅ”Äu lizosomske serin-proteaze tripeptidil-peptidaze
(TPP1). Bolest je progresivnog tijeka, a kliniÄki simptomi najÄeÅ”Äe se pojavljuju izmeÄu
druge i Äetvrte godine života. Bez pravodobno postavljene dijagnoze i uvoÄenja odgovarajuÄeg
lijeÄenja dolazi do brzog propadanja motoriÄkih i kognitivnih funkcija. Laboratorijski
selektivni probir zapoÄinje mjerenjem aktivnosti enzima TPP1 iz uzorka suhe kapi krvi
na filtarskom papiru, a svaka snižena aktivnost mora se potvrditi mjerenjem u homogenatu
leukocita. Aktivnost TPP1 mjeri se interno razvijenom (engl. in house) fluorimetrijskom
metodom za koju je nužno u svakom laboratoriju uspostaviti referentne intervale. NaŔi referentni
rasponi TPP1 iz uzoraka suhe kapi krvi jesu 58,8 (Ā± 12,8) Ī¼mol/isjeÄku/sat, a iz
leukocita 624,8 (Ā± 153,4) nmol/sat/mg proteina. KonaÄna je potvrda dijagnoze nalaz patogenih
mutacija u genu TPP1/CLN2. Postavljanje rane kliniÄke sumnje na CLN2 predstavlja
izazov u vremenu kada je dostupna rana laboratorijska dijagnostika kao i odgovarajuÄi
pristup lijeÄenju
Homocystinuria in adult patients
KlasiÄna homocistinurija je aminoacidopatija prvi put opisana 1962. godine. Nastaje kao posljedica nemoguÄnosti razgradnje i
poveÄane koncentracije aminokiseline homocisteina u cirkulaciji. Do poveÄane koncentracije homocisteina u plazmi/serumu i urinu
mogu dovesti razliÄiti nasljedni metaboliÄki poremeÄaji kao i neka steÄena stanja. Od nasljednih metaboliÄkih poremeÄaja koji
dovode do homocisteinemije i homocistinurije najuÄestalija je autosomno recesivna bolest klasiÄna homocistinurija (McKusick
236200) uzrokovana nedostatkom enzima cistationin beta-sintaze (CBS; EC 4.2.1.22). Ako se ne poÄne pravodobno lijeÄiti, bolest
može dovesti do ozbiljnih komplikacija koje se manifestiraju promjenama na srediÅ”njem živÄanom sustavu, oÄima, kostima i krvnim
žilama, a poglavito u vidu tromboembolijskih procesa. NovoroÄenaÄki probir, koji bi prethodio procesu lijeÄenja, ne provodi se u
mnogim zemljama, pa tako niti u Republici Hrvatskoj. S postavljanjem dijagnoze u kasnijoj životnoj dobi znaÄajno se kasni zbog
nedovoljne osjetljivosti lijeÄnika na postojanje ove bolesti te njenom povezanoÅ”Äu s Äitavom lepezom kliniÄkih simptoma. Bolesnici
se dugo upuÄuju raznim specijalistima koji se posveÄuju lijeÄenju pojedinih kliniÄkih manifestacija, uglavnom bez rezul tata. Bez
lijeÄenja osnovne bolesti promjene stalno napreduju. Poseban dijagnostiÄki problem su bolesnici s nedostatkom CBS-a u kojih
karakteristiÄna vanjska kliniÄka obilježja nisu prisutna. Homocistein je samo intermitentno poviÅ”en, i to u situacijama kad ne uzimaju
piridoksin, a najÄeÅ”Äe su tromboembolijski dogaÄaji jedina manifestacija bolesti. Na osnovi vlastitih iskustava prikazanih u
ovom radu, kao i podataka iz dostupne literature, možemo zakljuÄiti da je u bolesnika djeÄje, adolescentske ili odrasle dobi s visokom
ili brzoprogredirajuÄom miopijom, subluksacijom leÄa, marfanoidnim izgledom i/ili tromboembolijskim incidentom potrebno
izmjeriti koncentraciju homocisteina u plazmi te provesti obiteljski probir.Classical homocystinuria is aminoacidopathy fi rst described in 1962. It results from the inability of degradation and consequential
accumulation of the amino acid homocysteine in the circulation. Increased plasma/serum and urine homocysteine levels can be
caused by diff erent inherited metabolic disorders or by some acquired conditions. Classical homocystinuria (McKusick 236200) is a
pathologic condition that arises from elevated concentrations of homocysteine in the plasma, most frequently due to cystathionine
Ī²-synthase defi ciency (CBS; EC 4.2.1.22). If not treated in time, the disease can lead to serious central nervous system, eye, bone and
blood vessel complications, mainly thromboembolism. However, newborn screening for homocystinuria is not routinely performed
in many countries, including Croatia. In spite of various reasons that may cause delay in the diagnosis of homocystinuria, the
predominant one is that physicians often fail to connect a cluster of common symptoms with this rare disease. Patients are referred
to various specialists who focus on the treatment of diff erent clinical manifestations of homocystinuria, mostly without success.
Without treatment of the underlying disease, chronic complications of homocystinuria progress and patients are jeopardized by
sometimes even life-threatening thromboembolism. Patients with CBS defi ciency in whom typical clinical phenotype is absent,
represent a particular diagnostic problem, as homocysteine is usually only periodically increased when pyridoxine is omitted from
therapy. Within these patients recurrent episodes of thromboembolism are commonly the only clinical feature of homocystinuria.
Based on our experience and data from the literature, early recognition of severe or rapidly progressing myopia, subluxation of ocular
lenses, āmarphanoidā appearance and/or thromboembolism should be an indication for plasma homocysteine measurement and
family screening
MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS TYPE VI IN ADULTS
Mukopolisaharidoza tipa VI (Maroteaux-Lamyjev sindrom; MPS VI) progresivna je multisistemska lizosomska bolest nakupljanja. Za bolest su posebno karakteristiÄni nizak rast i koÅ”tana displazija. Enzimsko nadomjesno lijeÄenje provodi se lijekom galsulfazom koji se primjenjuje intravenski. To je rekombinantni oblik enzima N-acetilgalaktozamin 4-sulfataze. LijeÄenje je potrebno zapoÄeti odmah nakon postavljanja dijagnoze. Lijek se primjenjuje jedanput na tjedan, a lijeÄenje je doživotno. Zavod za bolesti metabolizma Klinike za unutarnje bolesti KBC-a Zagreb nastavlja s lijeÄenjem bolesnika s MPS-om VI nakon Å”to navrÅ”e 18 godina. Stoga je cilj ovog Älanka predstaviti smjernice za dijagnozu i lijeÄenje odraslih bolesnika s MPS-om VI koje se sastoji od redovite primjene galsulfaze te praÄenja brojnih komorbiditeta. Smjernice su sastavili struÄnjaci iz Zavoda za bolesti metabolizma Klinike za unutarnje bolesti KliniÄkoga bolniÄkog centra Zagreb, koji je ujedno Referentni centar Ministarstva zdravlja Republike Hrvatske za rijetke i metaboliÄke bolesti. U izradi smjernica takoÄer su sudjelovali pedijatri, radiolozi i biokemiÄari bez Äijeg iskustva i savjeta praÄenje i primjereno lijeÄenje ovih bolesnika ne bi bilo moguÄe. Ove su smjernice prihvaÄene na GodiÅ”njoj skupÅ”tini Hrvatskog druÅ”tva za rijetke bolesti Hrvatskoga lijeÄniÄkog zbora.Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, MPS VI) is a progressive multisystemic lysosomal storage disease. Physical symptoms generally include growth retardation, and bone dysplasia. Enzyme replacement therapy is the treatment of choice and is done with recombinant version of enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase (galsulfase) which is administered intravenously. The enzyme replacement therapy should be applied once a week as a lifeālong treatment. Division of metabolic diseases, Department of internal medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb continues with the treatment of MPS VI patients after they turn 18 years of life and are not treated any more by the pediatricians. The aim of this document is to provide the guidelines for diagnosis and management of adult patients with MPS VI which consists not only of regular galsulfase adiministration, but also of regular follow up and treatment of numerous comorbidities. These guidelines were produced by experts from the Division of metabolic diseases, Department of internal medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb which is the Referral center for rare and metabolic diseases of the Ministry of Health, Republic of Croatia. The guidelines are result of collaboration with pediatricians, radiologists and biochemists without whose experience and advices appropriate treatment of these patients would not be possible. The guidelines were endorsed by the Croatian society for rare diseases, Croatian Medical Association
Pompeova bolest ā smjernice za dijagnozu i lijeÄenje odraslih bolesnika [Pompe disease - guidelines for diagnosis and management of adult patients]
These guidelines provide a short summary of recommendations on Pompe disease, how to diagnose this disease, management of adult patients with this disease, follow-up of the patients and recommendations on therapy and genetic testing. Early diagnosis and management of patients with Pompe disease requires a multidisciplinary approach of several different experts. These guidelines were produced by the Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb which is a Referral expert center for rare and metabolic diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia. They were endorsed by the Croatian Society for Rare Diseases, Croatian Medical Association.These are the first guidelines published in Croatia on diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of Pompe disease