Logical correctness of vector calculation programs

Summary. In C-program, vectors of n-dimension are sometimes represented by arrays, where the dimension n is saved in the 0-th element of each array. If we write the program in non-overwriting type, we can give Logical-Model to each program. Here, we give a program calculating inner product of 2 vectors, as an example of such a type, and its Logical-Model. If the Logical-Model is well defined, and theorems tying the model with previous definitions are given, we can say that the program is logically correct. In case the program is given as implicit function form (i.e., the result of calculation is given by a variable of one of arguments of a function), its Logical-Model is given by a definition of a new predicate form. Logical correctness of such a program is shown by theorems following the definition. As examples of such programs, we presented vector calculation of add, sub, minus and scalar product. and [7] provide the terminology and notation for this paper. In this paper m, n, i are natural numbers and D is a set. The following proposition is true (1) For all n, m holds n ∈ m iff n < m. Let D be a non empty set. One can check that there exists a finite 0-sequence of D which is non empty. The following proposition is true (2) For every non empty set D and for every non empty finite 0-sequence f of D holds len f > 0. Let D be a set and let q be a finite sequence of elements of D. The functor FS2XFS(q) yields a finite 0-sequence of D and is defined by: 37

ニホンゴ ガクシュウシャ ニ ヨル プレゼンテーション ニ タイスル ソウゴ ヒョウカ コメント ノ ブンセキ

本稿は、アカデミックな能力養成を目指したプレゼンテーション（以下プレゼン）教育活動への示唆を得るべく、日本語学習者によるプレゼンに対する相互評価のコメントを分析した。関西地区のある総合大学の学部留学生を対象とした上級レベルの日本語授業で、学習者が各自関心のある社会問題を取り上げた19のプレゼンに対する計215 のコメントを対象に評価の観点を分析した。その結果、学生によるプレゼンの相互評価コメントには「スライドのわかりやすさ、見やすさ」、「データの質と量の妥当性」など複数の観点が示されていることが明らかになった。また、評価基準を一定程度有していると認められるコメントでは、「論理・構成」への言及があり、発表内容の理解に基づいた、より詳細で具体的な観点が示されていた。授業開始時と終了時のコメントを比較すると、評価基準の内在化の過程の一端がみられた。以上より、多数のプレゼンの事例に沿って学習者が他者の観点を知り、繰り返し自身の観点を振り返ることが、新たな評価基準を内在化することに役立つものと考えられる。研究ノートResearch Issue

Vedolizumab for pediatric IBD

Pediatric ulcerative colitis is likely to be more severe than adult ulcerative colitis. Failure to thrive should be considered during therapy. A 10-year-old boy was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis based on his clinical presentation and colonoscopy and biopsy results. The administration of 5-aminosalicylic acid and prednisolone resulted in remission ; however, the symptoms reappeared after the discontinuation of prednisolone. Then, infliximab was administered ; however, the patient was resistant to it and appeared to be dependent on prednisolone. Vedolizumab, a monoclonal antibody against α4β7 integrin, was administered, which resulted in rapid remission. A steady decrease in prednisolone followed, and remission was maintained even after prednisolone discontinuation. Vedolizumab may be effective in pediatric patients with moderate-to-severe refractory ulcerative colitis. Vedolizumab prevents lymphocytes from binding to MAdCAM-1, which is selectively expressed in the gastrointestinal submucosa, leading to the mitigation of the systemic side effects of immunosuppression, such as infections. In Japan, vedolizumab use is not yet approved for use in children, but its effectiveness and safety in children is expected to be investigated in the future

2020 2021 ネンド タンキ オンライン ニホンゴ キョウイク プログラム ジッセン ホウコク

本稿は、2020年度（冬季）および2021年度（夏季）に、本学の国際教育交流センターの短期プログラム開発研究チームと日本語教育研究チームが協働で実施した、短期オンライン日本語教育プログラムの実践報告である。プログラムの概要を述べた上で、参加者によるプログラムに対する評価から、今後の短期オンラインプログラム改善に向けた課題を示す。実践報

Insights into GABA receptor signalling in TM3 Leydig cells

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an emerging signalling molecule in endocrine organs, since it is produced by endocrine cells and acts via GABA(A) receptors in a paracrine/autocrine fashion. Testicular Leydig cells are producers and targets for GABA. These cells express GABA(A) receptor subunits and in the murine Leydig cell line TM3 pharmacological activation leads to increased proliferation. The signalling pathway of GABA in these cells is not known in this study. We therefore attempted to elucidate details of GABA(A) signalling in TM3 and adult mouse Leydig cells using several experimental approaches. TM3 cells not only express GABA(A) receptor subunits, but also bind the GABA agonist {[}H-3] muscimol with a binding affinity in the range reported for other endocrine cells (K-d = 2.740 +/- 0.721 nM). However, they exhibit a low B-max value of 28.08 fmol/mg protein. Typical GABA(A) receptor-associated events, including Cl- currents, changes in resting membrane potential, intracellular Ca2+ or cAMP, were not measurable with the methods employed in TM3 cells, or, as studied in part, in primary mouse Leydig cells. GABA or GABA(A) agonist isoguvacine treatment resulted in increased or decreased levels of several mRNAs, including transcription factors (c-fos, hsf-1, egr-1) and cell cycle-associated genes (Cdk2, cyclin D1). In an attempt to verify the cDNA array results and because egr-1 was recently implied in Leydig cell development, we further studied this factor. RT-PCR and Western blotting confirmed a time-dependent regulation of egr-1 in TM3. In the postnatal testis egr-1 was seen in cytoplasmic and nuclear locations of developing Leydig cells, which bear GABA(A) receptors and correspond well to TM3 cells. Thus, GABA acts via an untypical novel signalling pathway in TM3 cells. Further details of this pathway remain to be elucidated. Copyright (c) 2005 S. Karger AG, Base

Asymmetric Phosphorus Incorporation in Homoepitaxial P-Doped (111) Diamond Revealed by Photoelectron Holography

Diamond has two crystallographically inequivalent sites in the unit cell. In doped diamond, dopant occupation in the two sites is expected to be equal. Nevertheless, preferential dopant occupation during growth under nonequilibrium conditions is of fundamental importance, for example, to enhance the properties of nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers; therefore, this is a promising candidate for a qubit. However, the lack of suitable experimental techniques has made it difficult to study the crystal- and chemical-site-resolved local structures of dopants. Here, we confirm the identity of two chemical sites with asymmetric dopant incorporation in the diamond structure, via the photoelectron holography (PEH) of heavily phosphorus (P)-doped diamond prepared by chemical vapor deposition. One is substitutionally incorporated P with preferential site occupations and the other can be attributed to a PV split vacancy complex with preferential orientation. The present study shows that PEH is a valuable technique to study the local structures around dopants with a resolution of crystallographically inequivalent but energetically equivalent sites/orientations. Such information provides strategies to improve the properties of dopant related-complexes in which alignment is crucial for sensing of magnetic field or quantum spin register using N-V centers in diamond