四脚動物の高速ロコモーションに内在する脚間協調メカニズムに関する研究

要約のみTohoku University石黒章夫課

Decentralization and rural development of post-neoliberalism in Bolivia : the case of Achacachi, department of La Paz

PDF/A形式により利用可能アクセス:WWWによる東京外国語大学大学院総合国際学研究科博士 (学術) 論文 (2016年7月)博甲第217号その他のタイトルは英文要旨による参照文献: p178-187東京外国語大学 (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies)博士 (学術

Why are cheetahs so powerful? S-shaped flexion spine effect on cheetah galloping

The 11th International Symposium on Adaptive Motion of Animals and Machines. Kobe University, Japan. 2023-06-06/09. Adaptive Motion of Animals and Machines Organizing Committee.Poster Session P

The role of the leading foot in quadruped during turning from a synthetic approach

The 11th International Symposium on Adaptive Motion of Animals and Machines. Kobe University, Japan. 2023-06-06/09. Adaptive Motion of Animals and Machines Organizing Committee.Poster Session P6

Emergence of swing-to-stance transition from interlocking mechanism in horse hindlimb

The bodies of quadrupeds have very complex muscle-tendon structure. In particular, it is known that in the horse hindlimb, multiple joints in the leg are remarkably interlocked due to the muscle-tendon structure. Although the function of these interlocking mechanisms during standing has been investigated in the field of anatomy, the function related to the emergence of limb trajectory during dynamic walking has not been revealed. To investigate the role of the interlocking mechanism, we developed a robot model imitating the muscle-tendon arrangement and the dynamics of a horse hindlimb. In the walking experiment, the robot autonomously generated a limb trajectory with a smooth transition between the swing phase and the stance phase by simply swinging the hip joint with sinusoidal input. Moreover, we compared the joint angles between successful and failed walking. The compared results indicate that the extension of the fetlock joint after hoof touchdown plays the crucial role in emergence of a function of supporting body.K. Miyashita, Y. Masuda, M. Gunji, A. Fukuhara, K. Tadakuma and M. Ishikawa, "Emergence of Swing-to-Stance Transition from Interlocking Mechanism in Horse Hindlimb," 2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Las Vegas, NV, USA, 2020, pp. 7860-7865, doi: 10.1109/IROS45743.2020.9341026

Estimating Body Stiffness in Quadrupedal Locomotion using the Flexible Shoulder as a Physical Reservoir

The 11th International Symposium on Adaptive Motion of Animals and Machines. Kobe University, Japan. 2023-06-06/09. Adaptive Motion of Animals and Machines Organizing Committee.Poster Session P1

Juvenile Muscular Atrophy of the Proximal Upper Extremity as So-Called Proximal-Type Hirayama Disease: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Hirayama disease is a distinct type of cervical myelopathy characterized by juvenile onset of unilateral muscular atrophy of a distal upper extremity. We report herein a case with Hirayama disease-like juvenile muscular atrophy involving proximal muscles in the upper extremities. In this case, in the flexion position of the neck, cervical magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the spinal cord was compressed by expansion of the posterior extradural space with forward displacement of the dura matter. These neuroimaging results are identical to those of Hirayama disease. However, the involved muscles in this case were the proximal muscles, unlike Hirayama disease. Five previous cases have displayed this rare subtype of Hirayama disease. The cause of the unique phenotype may be abnormal cervical column alignment, with upper cervical kyphosis producing a higher apex of the vertebral level in a cervical flexion position, resulting in mid-cervical segmental myelopathy

A Humanoid Robot with Anatomy Trains that can Passively Sustain Standing Postures

The 11th International Symposium on Adaptive Motion of Animals and Machines. Kobe University, Japan. 2023-06-06/09. Adaptive Motion of Animals and Machines Organizing Committee.Poster Session P1

Immunohistochemistry or Molecular Analysis : Which Method Is Better for Subtyping Craniopharyngioma?

Craniopharyngioma (CP) is mainly classified into two pathological subtypes: adamantinomatous (ACP) and papillary (PCP). CTNNB1 (β-catenin) mutations are detected in ACPs, and the BRAF V600E mutation is detected in PCPs. However, genetic analysis is not always possible in general medical practice. In this study, we investigated whether immunohistochemistry could replace genetic analysis as an aid in subtype diagnosis. Here, 38 CP patients who had undergone their first tumor resection were included. Among the 38 cases, 22 were morphologically diagnosed as ACP, 10 cases were diagnosed as PCP, and six cases were diagnosed as undetermined CP that were morphologically difficult to classify as either ACP or PCP. Results of immunohistochemistry and genetic analysis and clinical features were compared. Based on the immunohistochemistry, 26 (22 ACPs and four undetermined CPs) showed nuclear β-catenin expression, 11 (nine PCPs and two undetermined CPs) exhibited positive BRAF V600E immunostaining and one PCP showed membranous β-catenin expression and negative for BRAF V600E immunostaining. Among the 26 nuclear β-catenin expression cases, 11 had CTNNB1 mutations; however, 15 cases had mutations of neither CTNNB1 nor BRAF V600E. All 11 BRAF V600E immunopositive cases had BRAF V600E mutations. When comparing clinical features between, pediatric patients and those with tumor calcification and less solid components on MRI more commonly had nuclear β-catenin expression tumors than BRAF V600E immunopositive tumors, reflecting the differences in clinical features between ACP and PCP. Accordingly, immunohistochemistry can replace genetic analysis as an aid to determine the subtype diagnosis of CP in general medical practice

Perceived body distortion rather than actual body distortion is associated with chronic low back pain in adults with cerebral palsy: A preliminary investigation

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether distorted body perception is a feature of the low back pain experience in people with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and whether any distortions noted are confounded by the presence of motor and postural impairments commonly seen in CP. Methods: Forty‐five individuals participated in this study: fifteen adults with CP with LBP (CP_Pain group), fifteen adults with CP without LBP (CP_noPain group), and fifteen age‐matched adults with LBP but no CP (Pain group). Body perception was evaluated using the Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire (FreBAQ) and by assessing two‐point discrimination (TPD) thresholds over the low back. A comprehensive assessment of motor function was also undertaken in the CP population and postural function was assessed in all three groups. Results: Significant differences between the three groups were found for FreBAQ scores (p \u3c 0.0001). The TPD threshold in the low back of the CP_Pain group was significantly larger than that of the CP_noPain group (p = 0.01), though we found no difference between the CP_noPain group and the Pain group (p = 0.21). We found no difference in motor or postural function between the two CP groups. Discussion: The present results suggest that body image is disrupted in people with CP who experience low back pain. The disruptions in perception were similar to those seen in people with LBP and no CP suggesting the distortions maybe more related to the presence of pain than the presence of CP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved