Twist transition of nematic hyperbolic hedgehogs

Stability of an idealized hyperbolic hedgehog in a nematic liquid crystal against a twist transition is investigated by extending the methodology of Rüdinger and Stark [Liq. Cryst. 26, 753 (1999)], where the hedgehog is confined between two concentric spheres. In the ideal hyperbolic-hedgehog the molecular orientation is assumed to rotate proportionally with respect to the inclination angle, θ (and in the opposite sense). However, when splay, k11, and bend, k33, moduli differ this proportionality is lost and the liquid crystal deforms relative to the ideal with bend and splay. Although slight, these deformations are shown to significantly shift the transition if k11/k33 is small. By increasing the degree of confinement the twist transition can be inhibited, a characteristic both hyperbolic and radial hedgehogs have in common. The twist transition of a hyperbolic defect that accompanies a particle is found to be well predicted by the earlier stability analysis of a thick shell

On Distinguishing Non-Standard Interactions from Radiative Corrections in Neutrino-Electron Scattering

We present a contribution of higher order to neutrino-electron scattering that is a charged-current counterpart of both the anomalous axial-vector triangle and possible non-standard interaction contributions. It arises in the standard model with massive neutrinos, and renormalizes the nondiagonal axial-vector form-factor at low energies. We show that, due to the small size of radiative corrections, the neutrino-electron scattering still provides a discovery potential for some of the non-standard neutrino interactions proposed in the literature.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, change in title and context of the consideration, results of radiative corrections unchange

Neutrinos and Gauge Unification

The approximate unification of gauge couplings is the best indirect evidence for low-energy supersymmetry, although it is not perfect in its simplest realizations. Given the experimental evidence for small non-zero neutrino masses, it is plausible to extend the MSSM with three right-handed neutrino chiral multiplets, with large Majorana masses below the unification scale, so that a see-saw mechanism can be implemented. In this extended MSSM, the unification prediction for the strong gauge coupling constant at M_Z can be lowered by up to \sim 5%, bringing it closer to the experimental value at 1\sigma, therefore improving significantly the accuracy of gauge coupling unification.Comment: 5 pages, LaTeX, 1 figur

Variabilidade genetica e melhoramento da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz).

A cultura da mandioca constitui uma das mais importantes fontes de carboidratos nos trópicos, empregada na alimentação humana, animal e na indústria de processamento por cerca de 500 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. É cultivada em todo o território brasileir

Adaptive grid methods for Q-tensor theory of liquid crystals : a one-dimensional feasibility study

This paper illustrates the use of moving mesh methods for solving partial differential equation (PDE) problems in Q-tensor theory of liquid crystals. We present the results of an initial study using a simple one-dimensional test problem which illustrates the feasibility of applying adaptive grid techniques in such situations. We describe how the grids are computed using an equidistribution principle, and investigate the comparative accuracy of adaptive and uniform grid strategies, both theoretically and via numerical examples

New optimal tests of quantum nonlocality

We explore correlation polytopes to derive a set of all Boole-Bell type conditions of possible classical experience which are both maximal and complete. These are compared with the respective quantum expressions for the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) case and for two particles with spin state measurements along three directions.Comment: 10 page

Doublet-Triplet Splitting and Fermion Masses with Extra Dimensions

The pseudo-Goldstone boson mechanism for the ``doublet-triplet splitting'' problem of the grand unified theory can be naturally implemented in the scenario with extra dimensions and branes. The two SU(6) global symmetries of the Higgs sector are located on two separate branes while the SU(6) gauge symmetry is in the bulk. After including several vector-like fields in the bulk, and allowing the most general interactions with their natural strength (including the higher dimensional ones which may be generated by gravity) which are consistent with the geometry, a realistic pattern of the Standard Model fermion masses and mixings can be naturally obtained without any flavor symmetry. Neutrino masses and mixings required for the solar and atmospheric neutrino problems can also be accommodated. The geometry of extra dimensions and branes provides another way to realize the absence of certain interactions (as required in the pseudo-Goldstone boson mechanism) or the smallness of some couplings (e.g., the Yukawa couplings between the fermions and the Higgs bosons), in addition to the usual symmetry arguments.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, LaTeX, references and some clarifying remarks added, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Lepton Flavor Violation in Supersymmetric SO(10) Grand Unified Models

The study for lepton flavor violation combined with the neutrino oscillation may provide more information about the lepton flavor structure of the grand unified theory. In this paper, we study two lepton flavor violation processes, $\tau\to \mu\gamma$ and $Z\to \tau\mu$, in the context of supersymmetric SO(10) grand unified models. We find the two processes are both of phenomenological interest. In particular the latter may be important in some supersymmetric parameter space where the former is suppressed. Thus, Z-dacay may offer another chance for looking for lepton flavor violation.Comment: 26 pages, 10 figure

Deviation of Neutrino Mixing from Bi-maximal

We have studied how observables of the neutrino mixing matrix can link up with the ones in the quark sector. The deviation from the bi-maximal flavor mixing is parameterized using a 3 x 3 unitary matrix. The neutrino mixings are investigated supposing this unitary matrix to be hierarchical like the quark mixing matrix. We obtain the remarkable prediction |U_{e3}| >= 0.03 from the experimentally allowed range tan^2 theta_{sol} = 0.24 ~ 0.89. The CP violation in neutrino oscillations is expected to be very small.Comment: Some references are adde

Towards joint reconstruction of noise and losses in quantum channels

The calibration of a quantum channel, i.e. the determination of the transmission losses affecting it, is definitely one of the principal objectives in both the quantum communication and quantum metrology frameworks. Another task of the utmost relevance is the identification, e.g. by extracting its photon number distribution, of the noise potentially present in the channel. Here we present a protocol, based on the response of a photon-number-resolving detector at different quantum efficiencies, able to accomplish both of these tasks at once, providing with a single measurement an estimate of the transmission losses as well as the photon statistics of the noise present in the exploited quantum channel. We show and discuss the experimental results obtained in the practical implementation of such protocol, with different kinds and levels of noise.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure