Introduction (Special Issue: Indonesia's Industrialization: Economic Crisis and Beyond)

Indonesia

On an Algebraic Structure of Dimensionally Reduced Magical Supergravity Theories

We study an algebraic structure of magical supergravities in three dimensions. We show that if the commutation relations among the generators of the quasi-conformal group in the super-Ehlers decomposition are in a particular form, then one can always find a parameterization of the group element in terms of various 3d bosonic fields that reproduces the 3d reduced Lagrangian of the corresponding magical supergravity. This provides a unified treatment of all the magical supergravity theories in finding explicit relations between the 3d dimensionally reduced Lagrangians and particular coset nonlinear sigma models. We also verify that the commutation relations of $E_{6(+2)}$, the quasi-conformal group for $\mathbb{A}=\mathbb{C}$, indeed satisfy this property, allowing the algebraic interpretation of the structure constants and scalar field functions as was done in the $F_{4(+4)}$ magical supergravity.Comment: 16 page

A Balance of Convenience: Burden-Shifting Devices in Criminal Cyberharassment Law

As communication using the Internet and electronic media becomes more prevalent, incidents of online harassment have likewise increased. In recent years, the U.S. Congress and state legislatures have enacted new legislation and amended existing criminal statutes to target cyberharassment, also called cyberstalking or cyberbullying. The definition of cyberharassment consequently varies between jurisdictions, particularly with regard to statutory emphasis on the mental state of the accused and the reaction of the victim. This Note argues that the reasonableness and specific intent standards employed by most cyberharassment laws are inadequate to balance the safety interests of victims and the First and Fourteenth Amendment rights of electronic speakers. The Note proposes that cyberharassment statutes be supplemented with burden-shifting devices such as affirmative defenses and nonmandatory presumptions, which have historically been employed in other contexts where the prosecution is procedurally disadvantaged and the details of the crime are peculiarly within the knowledge of the accused. After surveying statutes that have successfully incorporated burden-shifting elements, the Note concludes that real-locating evidentiary burdens increases the efficiency and fairness of cyberharassment law while reconciling the interests of both the victim and the accused