Metabolic design of Escherichia coli for muconic acid production

Adipic acid(AA) is a versatile bulk chemical to be used for raw materials such as nylon 6,6. Currently, AA biosynthesis from bio-resources have received a lot of attention in recent years as environment-friendly and renewable AA production process. Muconic acid(MA), also known as 2,4-hexadienedioic acid, is expected as a biosynthesis precursor of AA. There are Several studies on MA biosynthesis using Escherichia coli introduced foreign genes. In those studies, MA is synthesized from intermediate products of shikimate pathway. However, the production volume is not sufficient and it is a hindrance to industrialization. In this study, we aimed to the high efficiency biosynthesis of MA using metabolic designed Escherichia coli. First, we designed the metabolism to increase the accumulation of phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP), which is one of the starting materials of the shikimate pathway. Next, we determined the optimal MA synthetic pathway branched from the shikimate pathway. Specifically, we examined three types of MA production pathway with PEP accumulation strain as parent and selected the pathway with the highest MA production. Finally, we examined efficient production of MA using fusion proteins. Shikimate pathway protein and MA production pathway protein were combined to direct carbon flux into MA production

Detection-dependent six-photon NOON state interference

NOON state interference (NOON-SI) is a powerful tool to improve the phase sensing precision, and can play an important role in quantum sensing and quantum imaging. However, most of the previous NOON-SI experiments only investigated the center part of the interference pattern, while the full range of the NOON-SI pattern has not yet been well explored.In this Letter, we experimentally and theoretically demonstrate up to six-photon NOON-SI and study the properties of the interference patterns over the full range.The multi-photons were generated at a wavelength of 1584 nm from a PPKTP crystal in a parametric down conversion process.It was found that the shape, the coherence time and the visibility of the interference patterns were strongly dependent on the detection schemes.This experiment can be used for applications which are based on the envelope of the NOON-SI pattern, such as quantum spectroscopy and quantum metrology.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

A Case of Liposarcoma With Peritonitis Due to Jejunal Perforation

A 21-year-old man, who had been treated for congenital dilatation of the bile duct 13 years previously, presented with an acute abdomen. The physical examination suggested peritonitis, and an emergent laparotomy was performed. A perforation was foundin the jejunum approximately 100 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz, followed by resection of a 60-cm jejunal segment. No tumorous lesions were found during the operation, and the resected jejunal segment showed only focal myxomatous thickening of the serosa. Despite intensive therapy, he died of uncontrollable septic shock 2 days after the operation. Unexpectedly, however, histological examination revealed a liposarcoma, showing an unclassifiable histology. From the distribution of the lesion and the histological findings, it is thought that a primary lesion was somewhere else, covered by severe adhesions due to the previous operation, and that the tumor cells spreading from it could have caused the jejunal perforation through vascular involvement. Although extremely rare, liposarcomas in the abdomen can cause intestinal perforation. It is important for both clinicians andpathologists to carefully investigate the cause of an unusual clinical presentation such as intestinal perforation