1,809 research outputs found
The contribution of transport policies to the mitigation potential and cost of 2 °C and 1.5 °C goals
The transport sector contributes around a quarter of global CO2 emissions; thus, low-carbon transport policies are required to achieve the 2 °C and 1.5 °C targets. In this paper, representative transport policy scenarios are structured with the aim of achieving a better understanding of the interaction between the transport sector and the macroeconomy. To accomplish this, the Asia–Pacific Integrated Model/Transport (AIM/Transport) model, coupled with a computable general equilibrium model (AIM/CGE), is used to simulate the potential for different transport policy interventions to reduce emissions and cost over the period 2005–2100. The results show that deep decarbonization in the transport sector can be achieved by implementing transport policies such as energy efficiency improvements, vehicle technology innovations particularly the deployment of electric vehicles, public transport developments, and increasing the car occupancy rate. Technological transformations such as vehicle technological innovations and energy efficiency improvements provide the most significant reduction potential. The key finding is that low-carbon transport policies can reduce the carbon price, gross domestic product loss rate, and welfare loss rate generated by climate mitigation policies to limit global warming to 2 °C and 1.5 °C. Interestingly, the contribution of transport policies is more effective for stringent climate change targets in the 1.5 °C scenario, which implies that the stronger the mitigation intensity, the more transport specific policy is required. The transport sector requires attention to achieve the goal of stringent climate change mitigation
Contribution of the transport sector to climate change mitigation: Insights from a global passenger transport model coupled with a computable general equilibrium model
A passenger transport model, Asia-pacific Integrated Model (AIM)/Transport, incorporating travelers’ mode of choice and transport technological details was developed in this study. This AIM/Transport was coupled with the AIM/Computable General Equilibrium (AIM/CGE) to capture interactive mechanisms between the transport sector, energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the macro-economy. This paper presents the model structure and mathematical formulation of AIM/Transport, and explains how it was integrated with the CGE model by an iterative algorithm, taking into consideration the feedback between AIM/Transport and AIM/CGE. A numerical simulation proved that the integration of AIM/CGE and AIM/Transport can achieve a convergence after 13 iterations. A business-as-usual (BaU) scenario and a mitigation scenario were created to test the robustness of the model integration and how the mitigation potential and cost would be modified by coupling AIM/Transport. The key finding was that the carbon price and mitigation cost were modified with the coupled CGE-Transport model
Land-Based Mitigation Strategies under the Mid-Term Carbon Reduction Targets in Indonesia
We investigated the key mitigation options for achieving the mid-term target for carbon emission reduction in Indonesia. A computable general equilibrium model coupled with a land-based mitigation technology model was used to evaluate specific mitigation options within the whole economic framework. The results revealed three primary findings: (1) If no climate policy were implemented, Indonesia’s total greenhouse gas emissions would reach 3.0 GtCO2eq by 2030; (2) To reduce carbon emissions to meet the latest Intended Nationally-Determined Contributions (INDC) target, ~58% of total reductions should come from the agriculture, forestry and other land use sectors by implementing forest protection, afforestation and plantation efforts; (3) A higher carbon price in 2020 suggests that meeting the 2020 target would be economically challenging, whereas the INDC target for 2030 would be more economically realistic in Indonesia
ARPES Study of the Metal-Insulator Transition in Bismuth Cobaltates
We present an angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) study of a
Mott-Hubbard-type bismuth cobaltate system across a metal-insulator transition.
By varying the amount of Pb substitution, and by doping with Sr or Ba cation, a
range of insulating to metallic properties is obtained. We observe a systematic
change in the spectral weight of the coherent and incoherent parts, accompanied
by an energy shift of the incoherent part. The band dispersion also shows the
emergence of a weakly dispersing state at the Fermi energy with increasing
conductivity. These changes correspond with the changes in the
temperature-dependent resistivity behavior. We address the nature of the
coherent-incoherent parts in relation to the peak-dip-hump feature seen in
cuprates superconductors
Electronic structure of NiS_{1-x}Se_x
We investigate the electronic structure of the metallic NiSSe
system using various electron spectroscopic techniques. The band structure
results do not describe the details of the spectral features in the
experimental spectrum, even for this paramagnetic metallic phase. However, a
parameterized many-body multi-band model is found to be successful in
describing the Ni~2 core level and valence band, within the same model. The
asymmetric line shape as well as the weak intensity feature in the Ni~2 core
level spectrum has been ascribed to extrinsic loss processes in the system. The
presence of satellite features in the valence band spectrum shows the existence
of the lower Hubbard band, deep inside the metallic regime, consistent
with the predictions of the dynamical mean field theory.Comment: To be published in Physical Review B, 18 pages and 5 figure
Quasiparticles and quantum phase transition in universal low-temperature properties of heavy-fermion metals
We demonstrate, that the main universal features of the low temperature
experimental phase diagram of CeCoIn5 and other heavy-fermion metals can
be well explained using Landau paradigm of quasiparticles. The main point of
our theory is that above quasiparticles form so-called fermion-condensate
state, achieved by a fermion condensation quantum phase transition (FCQPT).
When a heavy fermion liquid undergoes FCQPT, the fluctuations accompanying
above quantum critical point are strongly suppressed and cannot destroy the
quasiparticles. The comparison of our theoretical results with experimental
data on CeCoIn5 have shown that the electronic system of above substance
provides a unique opportunity to study the relationship between quasiparticles
properties and non-Fermi liquid behavior.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:cond-mat/060260
Photoemission study of TiO2/VO2 interfaces
We have measured photoemission spectra of two kinds of TiO-capped VO
thin films, namely, that with rutile-type TiO (r-TiO/VO) and that
with amorphous TiO (a-TiO/VO) capping layers. Below the
Metal-insulator transition temperature of the VO thin films, K,
metallic states were not observed for the interfaces with TiO, in contrast
with the interfaces between the band insulator SrTiO and the Mott insulator
LaTiO in spite of the fact that both TiO and SrTiO are band
insulators with electronic configurations and both VO and LaTiO
are Mott insulators with electronic configurations. We discuss possible
origins of this difference and suggest the importance of the polarity
discontinuity of the interfaces. Stronger incoherent part was observed in
r-TiO/VO than in a-TiO/VO, suggesting Ti-V atomic diffusion due
to the higher deposition temperature for r-TiO/VO.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure
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