Trends and Practical Issues in Collaboration between Communities and Schools: Focusing on School Management Councils and Community Schools

This paper aimed to summarize trends in educational policies, pedagogical research, and educational practices concerning communities and schools, and to clarify the practical matters of school-based community development, especially practical development and issues concerning collaboration between communities and schools, with a focus on school management councils and community schools. To this end, we examined trends in educational policies in terms of collaboration between communities and schools. Next, we explored trends in pedagogical research and educational practices from three perspectives (educational methods, educational administration, and social education), and their regional development and issues. Then, from the perspective of collaboration between different types of schools and between schools and local communities, we investigated discuss two local practices (Waki-Cho in Yamaguchi Prefecture and Niseko-Cho in Hokkaido) that promote advanced practices through the establishment of school management councils. Finally, based on the field research, we examined the significance of these practices and future topics

Functional Role of HSP47 in the Periodontal Ligament Subjected to Occlusal Overload in Mice

We carried out an experiment to induce traumatic occlusion in mice periodontal tissue and analyzed the expression of HSP47. Continuous traumatic occlusion resulted to damage and remodeling of periodontal ligament as well as increase in osteoclasts and bone resorption. Four days after traumatic occlusion, osteoclasts did not increase but Howship’s lacunae became enlarged. That is, the persistent occlusal overload can destroy collagen fibers in the periodontal ligament. This was evident by the increased in HSP47 expression with the occlusal overload. HSP47 is maintained in fibroblasts for repair of damaged collagen fibers. On the other hand, osteoclasts continue to increase although the load was released. The osteoclasts that appeared on the alveolar bone surface were likely due to sustained activity. The increase in osteoclasts was estimated to occur after load application at day 4. HSP47 continued to increase until day 6 in experiment 2 but then reduced at day 10. Therefore, HSP47 appears after a period of certain activities to repair damaged collagen fibers, and the activity was returned to a state of equilibrium at day 30 with significantly diminished expression. Thus, the results suggest that HSP47 is actively involved in homeostasis of periodontal tissue subjected to occlusal overload

実験的咬合性外傷による歯根膜の細胞動態

Using a model of experimental occlusal trauma in mice, we investigated cytological kinetics of periodontal ligament by means of histopathological, immunohistochemical, and photographical analysis methods. At furcation areas of molar teeth in the experimental group on day 4, the increase of cells in periodontal ligament was seen. The cells with a round-shaped nucleus were deeply stained in the hematoxylin-eosin. Ki67 positive nuclei showed a prominent increase in the experimental groups on days 4 and 7. Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) positivity also revealed cell movement, but this action was slightly slow compared to Ki67 staining specimens. It was indicated that the homeostasis is mechanism of periodontal ligament receiving the excessive occlusal loading was promoted by osteoclasts and macrophages from bone-marrow-derived cells migrated to the periodontal ligament. The remodeling of periodontal ligament with the acceleration of cell growth was evoked from the experiment for the group on day 4 and after day 7. The findings suggested that periodontal ligament at furcation areas of molar teeth in occlusal trauma model was recovered by using both of the cells in situ and the bone-marrow-derived cells.2015博士（歯学）松本歯科大