Peripheral artery disease causes consistent gait irregularities regardless of the location of leg claudication pain

Highlights Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a multi-level disease. PAD diffusely impairs the performance of leg muscles. PAD causes similar irregularities in gait biomechanics regardless of where claudication pain is located in the leg. Abstract Background The most common symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is intermittent claudication that involves the calf, thigh, and/or buttock muscles. How the specific location of this leg pain is related to altered gait, however, is unknown. Objectives We hypothesized that because the location of claudication symptoms uniquely affects different leg muscle groups in people with PAD, this would produce distinctive walking patterns. Methods A total of 105 participants with PAD and 35 age-matched older volunteers without PAD (CTRL) were recruited. Participants completed walking impairment questionnaires (WIQ), Gardner-Skinner progressive treadmill tests, the six-minute walk test, and we performed an advanced evaluation of the biomechanics of their overground walking. Participants with PAD were categorized into 4 groups according to their stated pain location(s): calf only (C, n = 43); thigh and calf (TC, n = 18); buttock and calf (BC, n = 15); or buttock, thigh, and calf (BTC, n = 29). Outcomes were compared between CTRL, C, TC, BC and BTC groups using a one-way ANOVA with post-hoc comparisons to identify and assess statistically significant differences. Results There were no significant differences between CTRL, C, TC, BC and BTC groups in distances walked or walking speed when either pain-free or experiencing claudication pain. Each participant with PAD had significantly dysfunctional biomechanical gait parameters, even when pain-free, when compared to CTRL (pain-free) walking data. During pain-free walking, out of the 18 gait parameters evaluated, we only identified significant differences in hip power generation during push-off (in C and TC groups) and in knee power absorption during weight acceptance (in TC and BC groups). There were no between-group differences in gait parameters while people with PAD were walking with claudication pain. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that PAD affects the ischemic lower extremities in a diffuse manner irrespective of the location of claudication symptoms. Database Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01970332

Feasibility Assessment of Sustainable Hydroelectric Facilities in Northeastern Illinois (semester?), IPRO 319: Hydroelectric NE IL IPRO 319 Final Report Sp06

IPRO 319’s objective is to determine the feasibility of converting one or more existing dams on the Fox River into low impact hydroelectric facilities, based upon the project’s economic viability, stakeholders, permitting, and certification processes. As part of this objective, the group aims to provide an extensive catalogue of information on low-impact hydroelectricity so as to establish a strong foundation for future IPROs/EnPROs concerned with the project. We hope to take advantage of IIT’s unique role as an education and research institution to accomplish the task.Deliverables for IPRO 319: Feasibility Assessment of Sustainable Hydroelectric Facilities in Northeastern Illinois for the Spring 2006 semeste

Feasibility Assessment of Sustainable Hydroelectric Facilities in Northeastern Illinois (semester?), IPRO 319

IPRO 319’s objective is to determine the feasibility of converting one or more existing dams on the Fox River into low impact hydroelectric facilities, based upon the project’s economic viability, stakeholders, permitting, and certification processes. As part of this objective, the group aims to provide an extensive catalogue of information on low-impact hydroelectricity so as to establish a strong foundation for future IPROs/EnPROs concerned with the project. We hope to take advantage of IIT’s unique role as an education and research institution to accomplish the task.Deliverables for IPRO 319: Feasibility Assessment of Sustainable Hydroelectric Facilities in Northeastern Illinois for the Spring 2006 semeste

Feasibility Assessment of Sustainable Hydroelectric Facilities in Northeastern Illinois (semester?), IPRO 319: Hydroelectric NE IL IPRO 319 IPRO Day Presentation Sp06

IPRO 319’s objective is to determine the feasibility of converting one or more existing dams on the Fox River into low impact hydroelectric facilities, based upon the project’s economic viability, stakeholders, permitting, and certification processes. As part of this objective, the group aims to provide an extensive catalogue of information on low-impact hydroelectricity so as to establish a strong foundation for future IPROs/EnPROs concerned with the project. We hope to take advantage of IIT’s unique role as an education and research institution to accomplish the task.Deliverables for IPRO 319: Feasibility Assessment of Sustainable Hydroelectric Facilities in Northeastern Illinois for the Spring 2006 semeste

Feasibility Assessment of Sustainable Hydroelectric Facilities in Northeastern Illinois (semester?), IPRO 319: Hydroelectric NE IL IPRO 319 Project Plan Sp06

IPRO 319’s objective is to determine the feasibility of converting one or more existing dams on the Fox River into low impact hydroelectric facilities, based upon the project’s economic viability, stakeholders, permitting, and certification processes. As part of this objective, the group aims to provide an extensive catalogue of information on low-impact hydroelectricity so as to establish a strong foundation for future IPROs/EnPROs concerned with the project. We hope to take advantage of IIT’s unique role as an education and research institution to accomplish the task.Deliverables for IPRO 319: Feasibility Assessment of Sustainable Hydroelectric Facilities in Northeastern Illinois for the Spring 2006 semeste

Feasibility Assessment of Sustainable Hydroelectric Facilities in Northeastern Illinois (semester?), IPRO 319: Hydroelectric NE IL IPRO 319 Abstract Sp06

IPRO 319’s objective is to determine the feasibility of converting one or more existing dams on the Fox River into low impact hydroelectric facilities, based upon the project’s economic viability, stakeholders, permitting, and certification processes. As part of this objective, the group aims to provide an extensive catalogue of information on low-impact hydroelectricity so as to establish a strong foundation for future IPROs/EnPROs concerned with the project. We hope to take advantage of IIT’s unique role as an education and research institution to accomplish the task.Deliverables for IPRO 319: Feasibility Assessment of Sustainable Hydroelectric Facilities in Northeastern Illinois for the Spring 2006 semeste

Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Simulation, Design, and Commercialization (semester?), IPRO 356: SP Hybrids IPRO 356 Project Plan F06

To complete the final stage in the assembly of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) and commercialize the technology on a large scale.Deliverables for IPRO 356: Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Simulation, Design, and Commercialization for the Fall 2006 semeste

Feasibility Assessment of Sustainable Hydroelectric Facilities in Northeastern Illinois (semester?), IPRO 319: Hydroelectric NE IL IPRO 319 Poster Sp06

IPRO 319’s objective is to determine the feasibility of converting one or more existing dams on the Fox River into low impact hydroelectric facilities, based upon the project’s economic viability, stakeholders, permitting, and certification processes. As part of this objective, the group aims to provide an extensive catalogue of information on low-impact hydroelectricity so as to establish a strong foundation for future IPROs/EnPROs concerned with the project. We hope to take advantage of IIT’s unique role as an education and research institution to accomplish the task.Deliverables for IPRO 319: Feasibility Assessment of Sustainable Hydroelectric Facilities in Northeastern Illinois for the Spring 2006 semeste

Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Simulation, Design, and Commercialization (semester?), IPRO 356: SP Hybrids IPRO 356 Midterm Report F06

To complete the final stage in the assembly of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) and commercialize the technology on a large scale.Deliverables for IPRO 356: Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Simulation, Design, and Commercialization for the Fall 2006 semeste

Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Simulation, Design, and Commercialization (semester?), IPRO 356: SP Hybrids IPRO 356 abstract F06

To complete the final stage in the assembly of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) and commercialize the technology on a large scale.Deliverables for IPRO 356: Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Simulation, Design, and Commercialization for the Fall 2006 semeste