18,098 research outputs found
Two qubit copying machine for economical quantum eavesdropping
We study the mapping which occurs when a single qubit in an arbitrary state
interacts with another qubit in a given, fixed state resulting in some unitary
transformation on the two qubit system which, in effect, makes two copies of
the first qubit. The general problem of the quality of the resulting copies is
discussed using a special representation, a generalization of the usual Schmidt
decomposition, of an arbitrary two-dimensional subspace of a tensor product of
two 2-dimensional Hilbert spaces. We exhibit quantum circuits which can
reproduce the results of any two qubit copying machine of this type. A simple
stochastic generalization (using a ``classical'' random signal) of the copying
machine is also considered. These copying machines provide simple embodiments
of previously proposed optimal eavesdropping schemes for the BB84 and B92
quantum cryptography protocols.Comment: Minor changes. 26 pages RevTex including 7 PS figure
Nonorthogonal Quantum States Maximize Classical Information Capacity
I demonstrate that, rather unexpectedly, there exist noisy quantum channels
for which the optimal classical information transmission rate is achieved only
by signaling alphabets consisting of nonorthogonal quantum states.Comment: 5 pages, REVTeX, mild extension of results, much improved
presentation, to appear in Physical Review Letter
From non-semisimple Hopf algebras to correlation functions for logarithmic CFT
We use factorizable finite tensor categories, and specifically the
representation categories of factorizable ribbon Hopf algebras H, as a
laboratory for exploring bulk correlation functions in local logarithmic
conformal field theories. For any ribbon Hopf algebra automorphism omega of H
we present a candidate for the space of bulk fields and endow it with a natural
structure of a commutative symmetric Frobenius algebra. We derive an expression
for the corresponding bulk partition functions as bilinear combinations of
irreducible characters; as a crucial ingredient this involves the Cartan matrix
of the category. We also show how for any candidate bulk state space of the
type we consider, correlation functions of bulk fields for closed oriented
world sheets of any genus can be constructed that are invariant under the
natural action of the relevant mapping class group.Comment: 41 pages, several figures. version 2: typos corrected, bibliography
updated, introduction extended, a few minor clarifications adde
Comparable Worth in a General Equilibrium Model of the U.S. Economy
This paper presents a computable general equilibrium model that simulates the effects on employment, output, wages, and economic efficiency of introducing comparable worth into the U.S. economy. The model calculates economy-wide aggregate impacts and disaggregated results for individuals grouped by sex, marital status, and education. The effects depend on the hiring rules that would accompany comparable worth, the source of existing male-female wage differentials, the extent of coverage of comparable worth, the intra-household behavior of married couples, and demand and supply elasticities. If, after comparable worth is introduced, employers are constrained to employ men and women in historical proportions, the adverse effects on aggregate employment, output, and efficiency would be much larger than if the employment constraint is based on applicant proportions. If existing wage gaps are the result of sex differences in productivity, the adverse of facts of comparable worth are relatively large; but if they are the result of discrimination, the efficiency losses are much smaller. If only part of the economy is subject to comparable worth, the efficiency loss is reduced under the productivity gap assumption, but increased if the wage gap is the result of discrimination. The redistributive effects of comparable worth on married men and women are sensitive to assumptions about intra-household behavior and the size of the gains from marriage. By contrast, unmarried women appear to benefit from comparable worth under most sets of assumptions while unmarried men lose.
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