Effects of levothyroxine therapy on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in premenopausal women with thyroid cancer after thyroidectomy

Introduction: We investigated the impact of long-term levothyroxine (LT4) treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in premenopausal women with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after thyroidectomy. Material and methods: Sixty-five premenopausal women who received LT4 therapy at least one year (range, 1.5–9.0 years) after thyroidectomy for DTC and 50 premenopausal women without thyroid diseases were enrolled in this study. We measured the Z-scores of lumbar and hip BMD, serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), N-terminal propeptide of type 1 N procollagen (P1NP), C terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), vitamin D3, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in all participants. Results: In DTC subjects, serum TSH levels were lower, and serum FT4, P1NP, CTX-1, and ALP levels were higher compared with controls. The prevalence of low BMD was higher in DTC subjects than in controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum TSH levels were negatively associated with CTX-1 and ALP. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of low BMD among premenopausal women who received long-term LT4 therapy for DTC after thyroidectomy. Long-term TSH suppression therapy was a significant risk factor for decreased bone strength, mainly by increasing bone turnover.

Improved Limits on an Exotic Spin- and Velocity-Dependent Interaction at the Micrometer Scale with an Ensemble-NV-Diamond Magnetometer

Searching for exotic interactions provides a path for exploring new particles beyond the standard model. Here, we used an ensemble-NV-diamond magnetometer to search for an exotic spin- and velocity-dependent interaction between polarized electron spins and unpolarized nucleons at the micrometer scale. A thin layer of nitrogen-vacancy electronic spin ensemble in diamond is utilized as both the solid-state spin quantum sensor and the polarized electron source, and a vibrating lead sphere serves as the moving unpolarized nucleon source. The exotic interaction is searched by detecting the possible effective magnetic field induced by the moving unpolarized nucleon source using the ensemble-NV-diamond magnetometer. Our result establishes new bounds for the coupling parameter $f_\perp$ within the force range from 5 to 400 $\rm \mu$m. The upper limit of the coupling parameter at 100 $\rm \mu$m is $\lvert f_\perp \rvert \leq 1.1\times 10^{-11}$, which is 3 orders of magnitude more stringent than the previous constraint. This result shows that NV ensemble can be a promising platform to search for hypothetical particles beyond the standard model

High-capacity quantum secure direct communication based on quantum hyperdense coding with hyperentanglement

We present a quantum hyperdense coding protocol with hyperentanglement in polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom of photons first and then give the details for a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol based on this quantum hyperdense coding protocol. This QSDC protocol has the advantage of having a higher capacity than the quantum communication protocols with a qubit system. Compared with the QSDC protocol based on superdense coding with $d$-dimensional systems, this QSDC protocol is more feasible as the preparation of a high-dimension quantum system is more difficult than that of a two-level quantum system at present.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figur

B5, a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor, induces apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells by suppressing the thioredoxin system, disrupting mitochondrion-dependent pathways and triggering autophagy

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