Model and Integrate Medical Resource Available Times and Relationships in Verifiably Correct Executable Medical Best Practice Guideline Models (Extended Version)

Improving patient care safety is an ultimate objective for medical cyber-physical systems. A recent study shows that the patients' death rate is significantly reduced by computerizing medical best practice guidelines. Recent data also show that some morbidity and mortality in emergency care are directly caused by delayed or interrupted treatment due to lack of medical resources. However, medical guidelines usually do not provide guidance on medical resource demands and how to manage potential unexpected delays in resource availability. If medical resources are temporarily unavailable, safety properties in existing executable medical guideline models may fail which may cause increased risk to patients under care. The paper presents a separately model and jointly verify (SMJV) architecture to separately model medical resource available times and relationships and jointly verify safety properties of existing medical best practice guideline models with resource models being integrated in. The SMJV architecture allows medical staff to effectively manage medical resource demands and unexpected resource availability delays during emergency care. The separated modeling approach also allows different domain professionals to make independent model modifications, facilitates the management of frequent resource availability changes, and enables resource statechart reuse in multiple medical guideline models. A simplified stroke scenario is used as a case study to investigate the effectiveness and validity of the SMJV architecture. The case study indicates that the SMJV architecture is able to identify unsafe properties caused by unexpected resource delays.Comment: full version, 12 page

Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Negishi Cross-Couplings of Racemic Secondary Allylic Chlorides with Alkylzincs

The transition metal-catalyzed enantioselective coupling of allylic electrophiles with carbon nucleophiles has been the focus of intense investigation.5 Salient examples include palladium-catalyzed couplings with enolates, nickel-catalyzed couplings with Grignard reagents, and copper-catalyzed couplings with Grignard and diorganozinc reagents.6 Despite impressive progress, the development of methods that have broader scope with respect to the nucleophile, as well as improved functional-group compatibility, persist as important challenges

Palladium-Catalyzed Alkyl-Alkyl Suzuki Cross-Couplings of Primary Alkyl Bromides at Room Temperature: (13-Chlorotridecyloxy)triethylsilane [Silane, [(13-chlorotridecyl)oxy]triethyl-]

A. 1-Bromo-8-chlorooctane (1). An oven-dried, 200-mL, two-necked, round-bottomed flask equipped with an argon inlet and a magnetic stirbar (octagonal, molded pivot ring, 25 mm length and 6 mm diameter) is purged with argon for 5 min and then charged through the open neck with CH2Cl2 (50 mL via syringe) (Note 1), imidazole (2.19 g, 32.1 mmol, 1.10 equiv) (Note 2), and dichlorotriphenylphosphorane (10.4 g, 31.2 mmol, 1.07 equiv) (Note 3). The open neck is capped with a rubber septum, and the stirred solution is cooled in an ice bath for 5 min. A solution of 8-bromo-1-octanol (5.0 mL, 6.11 g, 29.2 mmol, 1.00 equiv) (Note 4) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) (Note 1) is added via syringe over 5 min. The reaction mixture is allowed to warm to rt, and the resulting heterogeneous solution (a white precipitate formed) is stirred for 4 h. The progress of the reaction is followed by TLC analysis on SiO2 (10% EtOAc/hexanes as the eluent; visualization with a KMnO4 stain; the alcohol starting material has an Rf = 0.2, and the chloride product has an Rf = 0.9) (Note 5). After the alcohol is consumed, the reaction is diluted with pentane (200 mL), and the mixture is filtered through a pad of SiO2 (7 cm diameter 6 cm height) in a sintered glass funnel. The SiO2 is washed with additional pentane (400 mL). The filtrate is concentrated by rotary evaporation (20 mmHg, 30 °C), which furnishes the desired product as a colorless oil (6.23–6.44 g, 94–97 % yield) (Note 6). The product is used in the next step without further purification

Nickel-catalyzed asymmetric Negishi cross-couplings of racemic secondary allylic chlorides with alkylzincs: (S,E)-ethyl 6-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-4-methylhex-2-enoate

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Palladium-catalyzed alkyl-alkyl Suzuki cross-coupling of primary alkyl bromides at room temperature: (13-cholorotridecyloxy)triethylsilane

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