Tandem Baeyer–Villiger/Wittig/oxa-Michael addition: One-step to 5-substituted γ-lactones

The results reported in this study provide a practical protocol for the construction, in one single step of synthetically important γ-lactones in good yields starting from α-hydroxy cyclobutanone, H2O2 and several stabilized phosphonium ylides. Our synthetic strategy relies on a tandem Baeyer–Villiger oxidation/Wittig reaction/oxa-Michael addition

Microalgae potential in the capture of CO2 emission

In a perspective projected to reduce the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases, in which carbon dioxide is the master, the use of microalgae is an effective and decisive response. The review describes the bio circularity of the process of abatement of carbon dioxide through biofixation in algal biomass, highlighting the potential of its reuse in the production of high value-added products

A Catalytic One-Pot Synthesis of Indolyl Cyclobutanones

A general strategy for the synthesis of indolyl cyclobutanones via a tandem Bronsted acid catalyzed 2-hydroxycyclobutanone activation-indole nucleophilic addition has been exploited. The procedure leads to a wide range of 2- and 3-functionalized indole derivatives in good to high yields with broad substrate scope

Solvent-Free Synthesis of Quaternary Oxazolidine-2-thione β3-Amino Ester Analogs

A solvent-free organocatalyzed intermolecular cyclization reaction starting from β-substituted γ-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated esters and aryl isothiocyanates proceeds via an aza-Michael addition to provide previously unknown quaternary oxazolidine-2-thione β3 amino ester analogs. A panel of diversely-substituted esters was investigated, including β,γ-disubstituted examples which provided the target molecules with very high cis diastereoselectivity

Risk Factors of Cystoid Macular Edema After Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Pseudophakic Retinal Detachment

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cystoid macular edema after pars plana vitrectomy for the treatment of pseudophakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and identify possible related risk factors. Methods: A retrospective monocentric study was conducted within a cohort of pseudophakic patients undergoing vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment between January 2019 and December 2022. Demographic data, initial and intraoperative characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and postoperative data were analyzed. Cystoid macular edema was defined on optical coherence tomography exclusively. Results: A total of 164 eyes of 164 patients were included for analysis. The mean age of the patients at surgery was 65.7 ± 12.0 years. The mean best-corrected visual acuity was 2.1 ± 1.0 logMAR preoperatively and 1.0 ± 0.7 logMAR postoperatively. The mean follow-up was 13.4 ± 7.7 months. The prevalence of cystoid macular edema was 17.1% [9.8–26.4]. In multivariate analysis, severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy (relative risk 3.6 [1.3–9.7]) and laser retinopexy (relative risk 8.4 [1.1–64.7]) were independently and significantly associated with cystoid macular edema. Conclusion: The prevalence of cystoid macular edema in pseudophakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after pars plana vitrectomy was 17.1%. Severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy stage and the use of endolaser retinopexy were independent risk factors for development of cystoid macular edema

Synthesis of cyclobutane-fused oxazolidine-2-thione derivatives

An expedient, solvent-free, mild base catalyzed intermolecular cyclization reaction has been developed to enable the one-pot synthesis of fourteen examples of cyclobutane-fused oxazolidine-2-thiones in good to high yields. Bicyclic structures of this type have not previously been described in the literature; they have a cis ring junction with both rings deviating slightly from planarity

Internal characterization of embankment dams using ground penetrating radar (GPR) and thermographic analysis: A case study of the Medau Zirimilis Dam (Sardinia, Italy)

The stability of embankment dams without an impermeable core depends on the characteristics of the face slab that prevents internal erosion, piping and eventual collapse of the structure. Under a Mediterranean climate, the impermeable asphaltic face slab is subjected to high solar radiation and consequent temperature changes, which can generate the creation of cracks and joints. The Medau Zirimilis Dam, located in the Casteddu River (Sardinia), is an embankment dam that has undergone seepage and continuous repairs in its asphalt face slab. These reparations have been conducted because of the occurrence of cracks and relative movement of different segments of the slab. To evaluate if seepage endangers the integrity of the dam, GPR was used, with different antennas (100, 250 and 500 MHz), along its crest and upstream and downstream faces, and the data were integrated with infrared thermographic images. Although geophysical data do not show structural changes affecting the main dam structure, deformation structures at shallow levels and in particular in the upstream face and along the crest of the dam have been identified. Such deformation affects the road atop the crest, the face slab and underlying levels, resulting in landslides that include material from several meters below the surface. The analysis permitted the identification of the origin of surficial cracks and their effects on the face slab. These sectors, independent of current movement, define the most unstable areas against water level changes that can affect the dam integrity. GPR analysis at the embankments usually has the handicap of high clay content that precludes electromagnetic wave penetration; however, in this case, the obtained resolution and extent of penetration using the different antennas was sufficient, due to the absence of an inner waterproof unit, and permitted the evaluation of the inner structure of the dam and the application of GPR for construction quality surveillance, internal structural characterization and dam monitoring

Axiography and MRI in the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint pathology

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