Détermination des acides aminés limitants chez le taurillon BBBc recevant une ration à base d'ensilage de maïs

peer reviewe

Analytical methods used to quantify isoflavones in cow's milk: a review

peer reviewedThis paper provides an update and comprehensive review of the analytical methods used for quantifying isoflavones and their metabolites in cow’s milk. Isoflavones are secondary plant metabolites that are similar to 17 β-estradiol in chemical structure. They form one of the most common categories of phytoestrogens. Numerous health benefits have been attributed to isoflavones, but many of these compounds are also considered to be endocrine disruptors, with adverse effects on health. These contradictory trends offer an attractive prospect for future research, and therefore, sensitive and reliable analytical methods are required to clarify various issues about isoflavones. For this review, a structured methodology was used to select 26 relevant articles published between 2005 and 2015 from the Scopus and CAB Abstract databases. The review discusses individual steps of the analytical procedures described in these articles, including sample preparation, instrumental analysis and validation. The most commonly used analytical procedure is sample preparation involving liquid-liquid extraction and an enzymatic hydrolysis step followed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis. Currently, however, there is no standardized procedure for the sample preparation and analysis of isoflavones in milk.PhytoHealt

Influence of chestnut tannins on in vitro crude protein rumen degradability kinetics of red clover silage

Chestnut tannins in red clover silage reduce rumen dry matter and crude protein degradation. Adding tannins to silage could lead to better nitrogen use efficiency in ruminants

Validation d'une méthode d'analyse quantitative de l'équol par UPLC®-MS/MS dans le lait de vache - Application aux laits commercialisés en Wallonie (Belgique)

Dans le cadre d’un projet intitulé «PhytoHealth », une méthode d’analyse quantitative de l’équol dans le lait a été développée et validée selon les recommandations de l’EMA/CVMP/VICH/463202/2009. Celle-ci est constituée d’une étape d’hydrolyse enzymatique, suivie d’une double extraction liquide/liquide et d’une analyse par chromatographie liquide ultra performante couplé à un spectromètre de masse en tandem (UPLC®-MS/MS). Une fois les différents paramètres tels que la fiabilité, sensibilité et/ou robustesse de la méthode confirmées, celle-ci a permis, pour la première fois, d’estimer la teneur en équol d’ échantillons de laits commercialisés en Wallonie. Une Cinquantaine de laits ont été prélevés aléatoirement dans les commerces durant une période définie. Tous les échantillons possédaient une teneur en équol ≥ 10ng.mL-1. En comparant les valeurs moyennes, on a constaté qu’il n’y avait pas de différence entre les 4 catégories de laits analysés (entier, demi-écrémé, écrémé et cru). Par contre, une différence hautement significative a pu être observée entre les laits provenant de la filière biologique et ceux de la filière conventionnelle. Dans le premier cas, les teneurs varient entre 10 et 50 ng.mL-1 par contre, dans le second, elles varient entre 70 et 130 ng.mL-1. Cet impact de la filière biologique sur la teneur en équol dans les laits a pu être confronté à d’autres études européennes et confirmé.PhytoHealt

Le pois protéagineux : une légumineuse à graines riches en protéines et en énergie

Ce livret est un projet collaboratif porté par la Cellule transversale de Recherches en Agriculture biologique (CtRAb) du CRA-W et par l'APPO asbl, partenaire du Centre Pilote (CePiCOP). En collaboration avec l’APPO, le CRA-W édite deux livrets présentant les atouts du pois protéagineux et de la féverole en Wallonie. La conduite de ces cultures (choix variétal, fertilisation, désherbage, protection des cultures et récolte), éligibles en tant que Surface d’Intérêt Ecologique –SIE, leurs atouts environnementaux et les principales voies de valorisation y sont largement détaillées

Net productivity, a new metric to evaluate the contribution to food security of livestock systems: the case of specialised dairy farms

peer reviewedThe increasing human population and demand for animal food products raise the issue of impacts of animal systems on food security caused by their use of human-edible feed and/or tillable land. The utility of replacing animal systems with potential food-crop systems needs to be assessed but is associated with many uncertainties. Some metrics analyse the contribution of current animal systems to food security, especially the dimension of food availability. These methods address feed conversion efficiency (i.e. total (‘gross’) or human-edible (‘net’)) or the efficiency of agricultural land use (i.e. total, permanent grassland, and tillable land) but never both simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to develop a new metric—‘net productivity’—to represent the performances of current animal systems more accurately by considering both the use of human-edible feed and agricultural land. Through a protein assessment, we analysed the ability of the existing and the new metrics to assess the performances of 111 dairy farms in Wallonia (Belgium). We found that net productivity was positively correlated with both metrics of feed conversion efficiency and negatively correlated with the three metrics of land use. To analyse the influence of farm characteristics, we grouped the farms into four clusters using k-means clustering based on these metrics of contribution to food security and then performed redundancy analysis to select the most influential farm characteristics aiming to highlight contrasted farm strategies. The highest net productivity was reached by an ‘intensive and net efficient’ farm strategy, which had intensive grass-based management, high milk production per cow, appropriate use of concentrates, and well-managed dairy followers (i.e. replacement heifers and calves). The newly developed metric of net productivity can be useful to quantify the contribution of dairy systems to food security by considering both the use of human-edible protein and agricultural land simultaneously

Determination of equol content in milks marketed in Wallonia (Belgium)

PhytoHealt

Contribution to the definition of an overall research program for organic farming in Wallonia: identification of priorities for the 2015-2020 period

In order to identify research priorities in the organic farming sector, a three step approach was performed in 2014- 2015: (A) Ninety farmers were interviewed, in 2014, on an individual basis. Sixty of these farmers performed animal production (ruminant or mono-gastric); (B) Ten focus groups were organized with representatives of (1) advisory services, (2) administrations and farmer unions and (3) research institutions; (C) Priorities identified in (A) and (B) were compared to (1) the priorities identified, in 2015, by the “producer representatives”, in the organic sector and (2) the funded or pre-called thematic of regional and European research programs. This work underlines and confirms the necessity, for organic farmers, to develop more autonomous production systems, from a livestock feeding and soil fertility maintenance point of view. The comparison of these different sources of information highlights the link existing between the definition of previous regional research programs and expectations from the field. This questions the efficiency with which research innovations are spread among the sector as these problematics remain open. Farmers are asking for action and contextualized research. Such a research posture, highly promoted by H2020 programmation, would improve the diffusion of results