Therapeutic plasma exchange to mitigate flunixin meglumine overdose in a cria

Objective: To describe the use of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in the treatment of flunixin meglumine overdose in a cria. Case Summary: A 3‐day‐old alpaca cria was diagnosed with ureteral obstruction and agenesis resulting in severe bilateral hydronephrosis. During hospitalization, the cria inadvertently received a flunixin meglumine overdose of >65 mg/kg. Here, we report the use of lipid emulsion and TPE to mitigate flunixin meglumine toxicosis. TPE appeared to prevent any flunixin‐induced kidney or gastrointestinal injury, even in a patient with congenital defects of the urinary tract. New Information Provided: This is the first report of the use of TPE in a cria

Opposing muscle growth paradigms: a model for understanding the balance between atrpophy and hypertrophy.

International audienc

The effects of differential glucose concentration on the proliferation and differentiation of [i]Oncorhynchus mykiss[/i] myogenic precursor cells [i]in vitro[/i]

As a group teleost fish exhibit glucose intolerance, which leads to persistent hyperglycemia and coincides with transient hyperinsulinemia. Insulin−deficiency cannot explain this phenomenon as teleost fishes normally exhibit high plasma insulin levels, likely due to evolutionary diet adaptation or the peripheral utilization of glucose (Moon, 2000). However commonly utilized fish cell culture techniques use classical media based on mammalian physiology. Of interest in this study, myogenic precursor cells (MPCs) from several teleost species are currently cultured in a high glucose medium similar to that used for the culture of mammalian myosatellite cells (MSCs) and the immortalized mammalian cell line C2C12. To assess the impacts of glucose concentration on culturedcells, [i]Oncorhynchus mykiss[/i] (rainbow trout) MPCs were cultured in high or low glucose media over an 8−day period. Samples were collected at specific myogenic stages: D2, myoblasts; D4, differentiating myoblasts; and D8, myotubes. Preliminary results show that cell proliferation, demonstrated by PCNA expression, did not change significantly in response to glucose levels. However, myogenin expression was increased, indicating increased celldifferentiation, in the low glucose media. While both media appear to be suitable for the culture of teleost primary cells, low glucose media may be used to enhance cell differentiation stimulated by incubation with 2% FBS

Distribution of H3K27me3, H3K9me3, and H3K4me3 along autophagy-related genes highly expressed in starved zebrafish myotubes

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) remains the teleost fish of choice for biological investigations due to the vast array of molecular tools and resources available. To better understand the epigenetic regulation of autophagy, we utilized a primary myotube culture system generated from isolated myogenic precursor cells (MPCs) from zebrafish grown under starvation conditions using a media devoid of serum and amino acids. Here, we report starvation-induced regulation of several autophagy-related genes (atg) expression and profile the distribution of H3K27me3, H3K9me3, and H3K4me3 marks along lc3b, atg4b and p62/sqstm1 loci. These data support epigenetic regulation of autophagy in response to starvation that suggests a level of regulation that can be sustained for chronic conditions via chromatin modification