Geodesic continued fractions and LLL

We discuss a proposal for a continued fraction-like algorithm to determine simultaneous rational approximations to $d$ real numbers $\alpha_1,\ldots,\alpha_d$. It combines an algorithm of Hermite and Lagarias with ideas from LLL-reduction. We dynamically LLL-reduce a quadratic form with parameter $t$ as $t\downarrow0$. The new idea in this paper is that checking the LLL-conditions consists of solving linear equations in $t$

The Dutch fiscal framework; history, current practice and the role of the CPB

According to the IMF and the OECD, the Dutch fiscal framework is rather unique, and its design and implementation are highly recommendable. Major features of the Dutch fiscal framework are the trend-based fiscal framework with real net expenditure ceilings for the whole term of government, the role of independent organisations, like the CPB, Statistics Netherlands and the Netherlands Court of Audit, and the intermediary role of the national advisory group on budgetary principles. This paper discusses the current practice of the Dutch fiscal framework, including the role played by the CPB. It also provides an overview of its history. Three periods are distinguished: the balanced budget as official principle (1814-1956), Keynesian deficit norms (1957-1979) and norms for reducing deficit and debt (1980-present).

Use, misuse and proper use of national accounts statistics

In this paper, the relevance of national accounts statistics and their underlying conceptual framework is investigated for their four roles: description and object of analysis, tool for analysis and forecasting, tool for communication and decision-making and input for alternative accounts budgetary rules and estimates. For each role, the merits and limitations of national accounts statistics are described and discussed. Proper use should be stimulated by improving education and marketing and by supplementing national accounts with information about their meaning and reliability.National accounts; relevance and reliability; forecasting; economic and fiscal policy

Compiling the national accounts demystified

This paper unveils the mystery of national accounts statistics. National accounts statistics are not facts. They are estimates of a universal accounting model (SNA93) for describing, analyzing and managing national economies. The operational versions of the universal model decide what is actually estimated. They are estimated by expanding and transforming the available data with accounting identities, tested and untested assumptions and previous estimates. The estimates reflect skills, resources and compilation policy. The resulting differences in the reliability of the national accounts statistics are to a great extent the price to be paid for a miracle come true: all over the world, very incomplete, imperfect, heterogeneous and partly outdated data are to be transformed into complete, consistent, internationally standardized and up-to-date overviews of the national economies and their major components. Nevertheless, compiling the national accounts can be improved in various ways, but this requires an international long-term strategy.National accounts; data compilation; reliability of national accounts statistics; measurement in economics

F(750), We Miss You, as Bound State of 6 Top and 6 Anti top

We collect and estimate support for our long speculated "multiple point principle" saying that there should be several vacua all having (compared to the scales of high energy physics) very low energy densities. In pure Standard Model we suggest there being three by "multiple point principle" low energy density vacua, "present", "condensate" and "high field" vacuum. We fit the mass of the in our picture since long speculated bound state of six top and six anti top quarks in three quite {\em independent ways} and get remarkably within our crude accuracy the {\em same} mass in all three fits! The new point of the present article is to estimate the bound state mass in what we could call a bag model estimation. The two other fits, which we review, obtain the mass of the bound state by fitting to the multiple point principle prediction of degenerate vacua. Our remarkable agreement of our three mass-fits can be interpreted to mean, that we have calculated at the end the energy densities of the two extra speculated vacua and found that they are indeed very small!. Unfortunately the recently much discussed statistical fluctuation peak F(750) has now been revealed to be just a fluctuation, very accidentally matches our fitted mass of the bound state remarkably well with the mass of this fluctuation 750 GeV.Comment: minor corrections in calculation and commas and a few references added. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1607.07907, adding few citation

Uses of National Accounts; History, International Standardization and Applications in the Netherlands

The national accounts is commonly known by its key-aggregates (e.g. GDP and saving) and their role in public debate and decision-making. However, the national accounts plays many different roles for many different uses. This paper provides an overview of the development of these roles and uses since the seventeenth century. Three periods are distinguished: the early estimates (1660-1930), revolutionary decades (1930-1950) and the era of the international guidelines (1950-present). The paper discusses these roles and uses also much more in detail for one country: the Netherlands, a country which played an important role in modern national accounting and where expert data users, like the CPB, SCP and the Dutch central bank, have developed several interesting applications of the national accounts.Uses of the national accounts, history of national accounting, history of taxation, economic growth, Dutch national accounts, relevance and reliability of the national accounts, Petty, King, Vauban, Quesnay, Keynes, Clark, Kuznets, Leontief, Tinbergen, Hicks, van Cleeff, Stone, Meade, guidelines on national accounting, European unification, macro-economic modeling and forecasting, CPB, SCP, Dutch central bank, fiscal policy, productivity analysis, performance management, national accounts and welfare, measurement in economics