Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension

Aplicabilidade e segurança do nitroprussiato de sódio para controle da pressão arterial durante trombólise no tratamento do acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico agudo = Applicability and safety of sodium nitroprusside to control arterial pressure during thrombolysis in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke

Objetivos: relatar a experiência com uso do nitroprussiato de sódio na fase aguda do acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico. Métodos: um estudo retrospectivo, consistindo na revisão de prontuários, incluiu os pacientes que sofreram acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico e foram trombolisados com alteplase endovenosa, entre maio de 2005 e julho de 2007. Resultados: dos 48 pacientes que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, 15 utilizaram nitroprussiato de sódio para controle da pressão arterial. Um paciente apresentou desfecho fatal (6,7%) e nenhum apresentou hemorragia intracraniana sintomática. O escore médio, pela escala de acidente vascular cerebral do National Institute of Health, na chegada ao hospital, era 10 e, no momento da alta, era 2,8. Conclusões: o nitroprussiato de sódio foi aplicável e seguro para uso no acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico. São necessários estudos maiores e prospectivos para corroborar estes resultados e avaliar o seu potencial efeito neuroproteto

O potencial terapêutico das células-tronco em doenças do sistema nervoso = The therapeutic potential of stem cells for nervous system disease

Objetivo: Apresentar as evidências científicas do transplante de células-tronco em cinco doenças do sistema nervoso: anóxia neonatal, epilepsia, acidente vascular cerebral, doença de Parkinson e lesão de nervo periférico. Fonte de dados: Revisão bibliográfica utilizando o Medline. Síntese de dados: O transplante de células-tronco é uma importante ferramenta na reparação de distúrbios do sistema nervoso. Estudos experimentais demonstram que a regeneração e a reconstrução do circuito neuronal é possível através da terapia celular. As células-tronco têm demonstrado uma capacidade de se diferenciar em neurônios e glia. Os experimentos utilizando o transplante de células-tronco em modelos animais de anóxia neonatal, isquemia cerebral, epilepsia, doença de Parkinson e lesão de nervo periférico mostraram melhora funcional nos animais tratados. Conclusões: Apesar das evidências científicas favoráveis ao uso de células-tronco em doenças neurológicas, consideráveis avanços necessitam ser feitos para compreender a base biológica das células-tronco, incluindo os sinais que determinam sua proliferação e diferenciação, e a caracterização de suas respostas quando transplantadas em uma área encefálica lesad

Consistent improvement with eculizumab across muscle groups in myasthenia gravis

Objective: To assess whether eculizumab, a terminal complement inhibitor, improves patient- and physician-reported outcomes (evaluated using the myasthenia gravis activities of daily living profile and the quantitative myasthenia gravis scale, respectively) in patients with refractory anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis across four domains, representing ocular, bulbar, respiratory, and limb/gross motor muscle groups. Methods: Patients with refractory anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis were randomized 1:1 to receive either placebo or eculizumab during the REGAIN study (NCT01997229). Patients who completed REGAIN were eligible to continue into the open-label extension trial (NCT02301624) for up to 4 years. The four domain scores of each of the myasthenia gravis activities of daily living profile and the quantitative myasthenia gravis scale recorded throughout REGAIN and through 130 weeks of the open-label extension were analyzed. Results: Of the 125 patients who participated in REGAIN, 117 enrolled in the open-label extension; 61 had received placebo and 56 had received eculizumab during REGAIN. Patients experienced rapid improvements in total scores and all four domain scores of both the myasthenia gravis activities of daily living profile and the quantitative myasthenia gravis scale with eculizumab treatment. These improvements were sustained through 130 weeks of the open-label extension. Interpretation: Eculizumab treatment elicits rapid and sustained improvements in muscle strength across ocular, bulbar, respiratory, and limb/gross motor muscle groups and in associated daily activities in patients with refractory anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis

Long-term safety and efficacy of eculizumab in generalized myasthenia gravis

Introduction: Eculizumab is effective and well tolerated in patients with antiacetylcholine receptor antibody-positive refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG; REGAIN; NCT01997229). We report an interim analysis of an open-label extension of REGAIN, evaluating eculizumab's long-term safety and efficacy. Methods: Eculizumab (1,200 mg every 2 weeks for 22.7 months [median]) was administered to 117 patients. Results: The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with REGAIN; no cases of meningococcal infection were reported during the interim analysis period. Myasthenia gravis exacerbation rate was reduced by 75% from the year before REGAIN (P < 0.0001). Improvements with eculizumab in activities of daily living, muscle strength, functional ability, and quality of life in REGAIN were maintained through 3 years; 56% of patients achieved minimal manifestations or pharmacological remission. Patients who had received placebo during REGAIN experienced rapid and sustained improvements during open-label eculizumab (P < 0.0001). Discussion: These findings provide evidence for the long-term safety and sustained efficacy of eculizumab for refractory gMG. Muscle Nerve 2019

Eculizumab in refractory generalized myasthenia gravis previously treated with rituximab: subgroup analysis of REGAIN and its extension study

Introduction/Aims Individuals with refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) who have a history of rituximab use and experience persistent symptoms represent a population with unmet treatment needs. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of eculizumab in patients with refractory anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody‐positive (AChR+) gMG previously treated with rituximab. Methods This post hoc subgroup analysis of the phase 3 REGAIN study (NCT01997229) and its open‐label extension (OLE; NCT02301624) compared baseline characteristics, safety, and response to eculizumab in participants who had previously received rituximab with those who had not. Rituximab use was not permitted within the 6 months before screening or during REGAIN/OLE. Results Of 125 REGAIN participants, 14 had received rituximab previously (7 received placebo and 7 received eculizumab). In the previous‐rituximab group, 57% had used at least four other immunosuppressants compared with 16% in the no‐previous‐rituximab group. Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living total scores from eculizumab baseline to week 130 of eculizumab treatment improved in both the previous‐rituximab and no‐previous‐rituximab groups (least‐squares mean −4.4, standard error of the mean [SEM] 1.0 [n = 9] and least‐squares mean −4.6, SEM 0.3 [n = 67], respectively; difference = 0.2, 95% confidence interval −1.88 to 2.22). In addition, in both groups, most patients who were treated with eculizumab for 130 weeks achieved a Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America post‐intervention status of minimal manifestations (66.7% and 65.0%, respectively). The eculizumab safety profile was similar between groups and consistent with its established profile. Discussion Eculizumab is an effective therapy for patients with refractory AChR+ gMG, irrespective of whether they had received rituximab treatment previously

Correction to: Eculizumab improves fatigue in refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (Quality of Life Research, (2019), 28, 8, (2247-2254), 10.1007/s11136-019-02148-2)

The article “Eculizumab improves fatigue in refractory generalized myasthenia gravis”, written by “Henning Andersen, Renato Mantegazza, Jing Jing Wang, Fanny O’Brien, Kaushik Patra, James F. Howard Jr. and The REGAIN Study Group” was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 23 March 2019 without open access