Comparative Analysis of Fabrics’ Bending Behavior Testing Methods

Postoji široki raspon metoda i standarda mjerenja svojstava savijanja plošnih proizvoda. Neke se temelje na deformacijama plošnog proizvoda pod njegovom vlastitom masom, dok se kod drugih mjeri sila, moment ili energija potrebni da dođe do deformacije uzrokovane savijanjem. U ovom je radu dana je usporedba rezultata savijanja dobivenih korištenjem dviju dobro prihvaćenih metoda (KES-FB i FAST) te jednog novog uređaja, TH 7, a korištene su tkanine različito obrađene i različitog veza. Utvrđena je linearna ovisnost krutosti savijanja i koncentracije sredstva za ukrućivanje, kako kod FAST, KES FB, tako i kod TH 7 ispitivanja, a slična je i ovisnost vrijednosti histereze savijanja i koncentracije sredstva za ukrućivanje kod KES FB i TH 7 ispitivanja. Utvrđene su jasne korelacije kod usporedbe parametara dobivenih ovim trima metodama, npr. krutosti savijanja, histereze savijanja i prisilnog para.There is a variety of methods and standards for measuring bending properties of fabrics. Some of them are based on fabric deformation under its own weight, the other are based on measurements of force, moment or energy producing bending deformation. In this study the comparison of the bending results obtained on two widely accepted methods (KES-FB and FAST) and one novel instrument (TH 7) is presented, using fabrics with different finishing treatment and fabrics differing in weave type. Linear dependencies are obtained between the bending rigidity and stiffener concentration in FAST, KES-FB and TH 7 experiments as well as between bending hysteresis values and stiffener concentration in KES-FB and TH 7 experiments. Good correlations were defined comparing parameters obtained by three different methods, such as bending rigidity, bending hysteresis and coercive couple

Comparative Analysis of Fabrics’ Bending Behavior Testing Methods

Postoji široki raspon metoda i standarda mjerenja svojstava savijanja plošnih proizvoda. Neke se temelje na deformacijama plošnog proizvoda pod njegovom vlastitom masom, dok se kod drugih mjeri sila, moment ili energija potrebni da dođe do deformacije uzrokovane savijanjem. U ovom je radu dana je usporedba rezultata savijanja dobivenih korištenjem dviju dobro prihvaćenih metoda (KES-FB i FAST) te jednog novog uređaja, TH 7, a korištene su tkanine različito obrađene i različitog veza. Utvrđena je linearna ovisnost krutosti savijanja i koncentracije sredstva za ukrućivanje, kako kod FAST, KES FB, tako i kod TH 7 ispitivanja, a slična je i ovisnost vrijednosti histereze savijanja i koncentracije sredstva za ukrućivanje kod KES FB i TH 7 ispitivanja. Utvrđene su jasne korelacije kod usporedbe parametara dobivenih ovim trima metodama, npr. krutosti savijanja, histereze savijanja i prisilnog para.There is a variety of methods and standards for measuring bending properties of fabrics. Some of them are based on fabric deformation under its own weight, the other are based on measurements of force, moment or energy producing bending deformation. In this study the comparison of the bending results obtained on two widely accepted methods (KES-FB and FAST) and one novel instrument (TH 7) is presented, using fabrics with different finishing treatment and fabrics differing in weave type. Linear dependencies are obtained between the bending rigidity and stiffener concentration in FAST, KES-FB and TH 7 experiments as well as between bending hysteresis values and stiffener concentration in KES-FB and TH 7 experiments. Good correlations were defined comparing parameters obtained by three different methods, such as bending rigidity, bending hysteresis and coercive couple

The effect of gamma irradiation on the structural properties of olivine

Gamma irradiation studies of (Mg0.905Fe0.095)2SiO4 olivine were performed using X-ray fluorescence method, X-ray diffraction, Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The absorbed doses were 300, 600 and 1000 Gy. Small irradiation doses cause an increase of lattice vibrations and small deformation of both M1 and M2 octahedron. The observed effect is similar to the results expose to high temperature. However, the small deformation takes place only in unit cell of Olivine’s structure

Partial loss of heterozygosity events at the mutated gene in tumors from MLH1/MSH2 large genomic rearrangement carriers

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Depending on the population studied, large genomic rearrangements (LGRs) of the mismatch repair (<it>MMR</it>) genes constitute various proportions of the germline mutations that predispose to hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). It has been reported that loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the LGR region occurs through a gene conversion mechanism in tumors from <it>MLH1</it>/<it>MSH2 </it>deletion carriers; however, the converted tracts were delineated only by extragenic microsatellite markers. We sought to determine the frequency of LGRs in Slovak HNPCC patients and to study LOH in tumors from LGR carriers at the LGR region, as well as at other heterozygous markers within the gene to more precisely define conversion tracts.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The main <it>MMR </it>genes responsible for HNPCC, <it>MLH1</it>, <it>MSH2</it>, <it>MSH6</it>, and <it>PMS2</it>, were analyzed by MLPA (multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification) in a total of 37 unrelated HNPCC-suspected patients whose <it>MLH1/MSH2 </it>genes gave negative results in previous sequencing experiments. An LOH study was performed on six tumors from LGR carriers by combining MLPA to assess LOH at LGR regions and sequencing to examine LOH at 28 SNP markers from the <it>MLH1 </it>and <it>MSH2 </it>genes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found six rearrangements in the <it>MSH2 </it>gene (five deletions and dup5-6), and one aberration in the <it>MLH1 </it>gene (del5-6). The <it>MSH2 </it>deletions were of three types (del1, del1-3, del1-7). We detected LOH at the LGR region in the single <it>MLH1 </it>case, which was determined in a previous study to be LOH-negative in the intragenic D3S1611 marker. Three tumors displayed LOH of at least one SNP marker, including two cases that were LOH-negative at the LGR region.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>LGRs accounted for 25% of germline <it>MMR </it>mutations identified in 28 Slovakian HNPCC families. A high frequency of LGRs among the <it>MSH2 </it>mutations provides a rationale for a MLPA screening of the Slovakian HNPCC families prior scanning by DNA sequencing. LOH at part of the informative loci confined to the <it>MLH1 </it>or <it>MSH2 </it>gene (heterozygous LGR region, SNP, or microsatellite) is a novel finding and can be regarded as a partial LOH. The conversion begins within the gene, and the details of conversion tracts are discussed for each case.</p

miR-497-5p Decreased Expression Associated with High-Risk Endometrial Cancer

The current guidelines for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of endometrial cancer (EC), based on clinicopathological factors, are insufficient for numerous reasons; therefore, we investigated the relevance of miRNA expression profiles for the discrimination of different EC subtypes. Among the miRNAs previously predicted to allow distinguishing of endometrioid ECs (EECs) according to different grades (G) and from serous subtypes (SECs), we verified the utility of miR-497-5p. In ECs, we observed downregulated miR-497-5p levels that were significantly decreased in SECs, clear cell carcinomas (CCCs), and carcinosarcomas (CaSas) compared to EECs, thereby distinguishing EEC from SEC and rare EC subtypes. Significantly reduced miR-497-5p expression was found in high-grade ECs (EEC G3, SEC, CaSa, and CCC) compared to low-grade carcinomas (EEC G1 and mucinous carcinoma) and ECs classified as being in advanced FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stages, that is, with loco-regional and distant spread compared to cancers located only in the uterus. Based on immunohistochemical features, lower miR-497-5p levels were observed in hormone-receptor-negative, p53-positive, and highly Ki-67-expressing ECs. Using a machine learning method, we showed that consideration of miR-497-5p expression, in addition to the traditional clinical and histopathologic parameters, slightly improves the prediction accuracy of EC diagnosis. Our results demonstrate that changes in miR-497-5p expression influence endometrial tumorigenesis and its evaluation may contribute to more precise diagnoses

Expectations vs Reality: The Luring of the Red Dragon : The study of the Chinese institutional environment as perceived by Swedish SMEs

Since the expansion of globalization, and the opening up of the Chinese market in particular, over the last 15 years or so, Swedish SMEs have had to face increasing international competition for market share of their products and skills. In order to compete successfully, Swedish SMEs are increasingly looking to establish manufacturing units in Asian and other countries, which offer the prospect of lowering production costs and thereby increased profits.   This study wishes to shed light on the differences and similarities in perceptions of SMEs exporting to China and those Swedish SMEs who have already established production in the Chinese market. This study of perceptions and realities regarding the institutional environment and the impact on production costs may help those Swedish SMEs who are considering establishing production in China. By being more aware of the realities of the institutional environment in China, they may be better equipped to select the best entry mode.      The literature has focused on the institutional theory, internationalization process and more specifically,  entry modes and production costs. What makes this study even more interesting is the aspect of perception between Swedish SMEs who only differed in their level of experience in the Chinese market. For this reason, major concepts of perception were also reviewed.   This was used a qualitative research strategy with a case study design that approached respondents via online qualitative surveys. There were five Swedish exporting SMEs and four Swedish SMEs who had established production in China. There was a need for these two sets of respondents in order to fulfil the prupose of this study.   The main findings of this thesis revealed that there are clear differences in perception of exporters and producers about the influence from the institutional environment on SME production costs, and that these differences in perception may influence SME entry mode choice into the Chinese market. The outcome of the research demonstrates that overall, exporters seems to underestimate the negative influence of the majority of institutions and their influence on their company, including their business activity in general and their potential production costs in particular. Although not as definitive, the findings also revealed a link between the perception of the influence from the institutional environment and SME entry mode choice. The analysis suggested that overall, exporters highlighted the negative influence from the institutional environment on increased risk, uncertainty and costs were the reasons that they chose to export instead of produce. This is in line with the suggestion of the authors of this thesis that there is a link between perception of the influence on the institutional environment and entry mode choice. All in all, it can be said that exporters have quite a different perception of the influence from the institutional environment compared to producers in the Chinese market. The authors identified that the difference in perception, in particular the misconception of the influence could have derived from the perception of the influence from particular institutions such as government and business culture, where exporters perceived a less significant negative influence whereas producers perceived a significant negative influence.      This thesis has valuable managerial implications and is relevant to the “real world” since many Swedish SMEs may have difficulties in understanding the full extent of the external environment in China. This may lead to faulty perceptions of the institutional environment, leading to potentially wrong managerial decisions, including entry mode choice. The findings of this study are valuable since they demonstrate that exporters’ perception is generally over optimistic compared to the reality of the institutional environment. The outcome of this thesis is very valuable for those SMEs considering to enter the Chinese market as it can help to guide them about the reality of the institutional environment and appropriate entry mode choices based on empirical cases from producers in the Chinese market

How Does An Entrepreneur Create A Born Global Firm? : A Case Study Of A Swedish Start-Up Trying To Enter The Indian Market.

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to assess the process of early pre-internationalised and pre-market established born global company and to provide viable advice as to how to internationalise the Indian market which is psychically and geographically distant from the Swedish market. Design/methodology/approach - This study follows a qualitative research approach with an inductive single case study design in order to examine in-depth the Swedish start-up, TurtleCare AB, throughout its internationalisation process. In terms of data collection, a triangulation method has been employed comprising both primary and secondary data. Findings - The evidence suggests the entrepreneur partly acts under the effectuation logic, in the sense of reaching out and attempting to create network and partners, however, more notable is the market research and step-by-step causation process carried out by the decision-maker. Hence, the effectiveness of logic (causation or effectuation) applied is heavily dependent on the situation the company finds itself in. Among the possible market segments to be addressed in India, the most prominent ones are hospitality and tourism together with healthcare. In fact, the Indian market presents numerous opportunities for the foreign brand, however, crucial cultural factors influencing consumer behaviour must be considered when formulating a market entry strategy. Research limitations - Research biases stem from chosen method and nature of data gathering as well as the extent of company research on foreign market/market entry and short observation time might have limited the outcome. Practical implications - A real-life example of an entrepreneur's journey may not only serve as inspiration for future entrepreneurs but also, provide several insights for further research on born global internationalisation, particularly, in what concerns customer segmentation and market entry strategy within a challenging yet promising international business context. Originality/value - The originality dwells in the assessment of the processes happening in a pre-internationalised Swedish born global firm that attempts to enter the Far East market, with a focus on entrepreneurial actions, opportunity perception and decision-making logic.