THE FOOD SERVICE INDUSTRY: TRENDS AND CHANGING STRUCTURE IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM

By 2010, foodservice establishments are projected to capture 53 percent of consumers' food expenditures, whereas in 1980, foodservice captured less than 40 percent. The foodservice industry accounts for approximately 4 percent of the Gross Domestic Product and about 11 million jobs. It has been rapidly changing due to economic factors, technological advances, and labor matters.1 This overview covers many of the issues and trends affecting the different segments of the foodservice supply chain including the foodservice operators, distributors and food manufacturers. Changing customer demographics are a driving force in the evolution of the foodservice industry. As the baby boomers reach middle age, they do not seem to have time to cook and their children and grandchildren do not seem to have the interest, or talent. The U.S. population in 2000 had over double ($6,500) the per capita discretionary income that it had in 1975 ($3,109) 2 and, with a high value for recreation and pleasure they are pulled out of the kitchen and into the restaurants. An ever-shrinking world also brings variety to menus as cultures and cuisines converge, introducing new flavors and textures. A tight labor market has affected the foodservice industry from top to bottom leading to a derived demand for convenience products from manufacturers. At all links in the chain, companies are experiencing mergers and acquisitions. Operators, manufacturers, and distributors are all fighting for a share of the profits as competition continues to intensify. This review of the foodservice industry incorporates interviews with industry professionals, current information from leading foodservice associations, and predictions from the top industry research firms and consultants.Agribusiness, Industrial Organization,

Where the sidewalk ends : architecture in the age of semi-autonomous machines

At the heart of the "American" psyche is an engrained urge to roam. From the original colonial settlers to manifest destiny and from highways to the moon landing, the great American future has always existed somewhere just beyond the horizon. As the 21st century closes its first tenth, the proliferation of semi-autonomous and autonomous machines -funded by the Department of Defense via the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) -indicates the potential for larger structures to move semi-autonomously in the near future. (That is architectural typologies will emerge as semi-autonomous, mobile entities. As there is an estimated U.S. population of 3 million people who live primarily in mobile recreational vehicles, it is not absurd to imagine a transition from houses on wheels to houses on legs.) Because architecture currently faces the overwhelming burdens of energy reliance, infrastructural sprawl, and cultural differences it is perhaps time to introduce a radical solution and postulate to its theoretical limits in order to catalyze impetus for meaningful change. If only there were a gizmo to help get us out of here... It is the uniquely American obsession with technology, which Reyner Banham details in The Great Gizmo, that has fueled the most critical transitions through history and it is technology that informs the premise of this thesis. According to the DARPA website, "throughout history technical challenges have inspired generations". Through a combination of research, creative work, reality, and philosophical projection Where the Sidewalk Ends provides insight and possible solutions for a tumultuous era. This thesis contains a creative composition and selection of coursework from ARCH 402 with Michael Silver as well as additional narrative and reflection. Narrative, images, processes, and end products are combined into a book to capture the topic and selected activities from ARCH 402 for the benefit of future Ball State students.Thesis (B.?.)Honors Colleg

The Soul-Reforming Rhetoric of Thomas More\u27s Dialogue of Comfort

How does Antony comfort Vincent in Thomas More’s Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation? While other critics focus on specific aspects of Antony’s comfort and their reforming effect on a specific power of Vincent’s soul, I attempt to show in this paper the effect of the whole of Antony’s comfort on the whole of Vincent’s soul. First, I define the three appeals of persuasion, since comfort is a reforming kind of rhetoric through appeals. Then, I analyze how Antony discovers, organizes, and stylizes those appeals: he discovers the appeals in Vincent’s responses, organizes them according to what Vincent is ready for, and stylizes them so that Vincent will enduringly remember his counsel. Lastly, I look at the reforming effect of Antony’s appeals on Vincent’s soul: Antony helps to instruct Vincent’s intellect through logical appeals that draw from reason and faith, refashion his memory and imagination through passionate appeals that are humorous and serious, and redirect his heart (his will and affections) through ethical appeals that move him to trust in Christ alone. The work as a whole is More’s vision of a comprehensive attempt to reform the soul so as to pursue freedom and trust in the grace of God. By explicating Antony’s rhetorical appeals and Vincent’s soul-responses, this paper relates the powers of rhetoric with the powers of the soul. Although grace reforms the soul in the supernatural order, rhetoric helps to reform the soul to a great degree in the order of nature

A Case Study Investigating Teachers\u27 Use of Strategies to Address Anxiety Toward Reading in First-Grade and Second-Grade Students

The purpose of this intrinsic case study was to investigate what strategies teachers are using to address reading anxiety in first and second graders. Reading anxiety can affect a person behaviorally, socially, and academically. Bandura’s social cognitive theory and self-efficacy theory guided this study, as they showed how behavior, environment, cognition, and self-efficacy could influence reading anxiety. Bandura also stated that cognition affected performance and that self-efficacy dealt with a student’s determination in the performance. The central research question asked, How are teachers addressing reading anxiety in the classroom? The participants in this study were first-grade and second-grade teachers who taught in a rural county in North Carolina. Data were collected through individual interviews and focus groups with first-grade and second-grade general education teachers. In addition, the teachers were asked to complete a participant reflection journal documenting two lessons in which they used various strategies to address reading anxiety during small group reading instruction. I used Yin’s case study data analysis steps. Four themes emerged in this study: positive reinforcement, reading one-on-one with the teacher, small reading groups, and developing reading skills. The theme that all the participants mentioned was positive reinforcement. This demonstrated that providing encouragement, building confidence, and praising a student can go a long way towards helping those who struggle with reading anxiety. Allowing a student to work one-on-one or in a small group builds the student’s confidence in reading. Lastly, working on those reading skills such as decoding and fluency could also help a student who struggles with reading anxiety

Quantifying the free energy landscape between polymers and minerals

Higher organisms as well as medical and technological materials exploit mineral-polymer interactions, however, mechanistic understanding of these interactions is poorly constrained. Dynamic force spectroscopy can probe the free energy landscape of interacting bonds, but interpretations are challenged by the complex mechanical behavior of polymers. Here we restate the difficulties inherent to applying DFS to polymer-linked adhesion and present an approach to gain quantitative insight into polymer-mineral bindingpublishersversionPeer reviewe

Comment on ``Experimental Free Energy Reconstruction From Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy Using Jarzynski's Equality''

Harris, Song and Kiang [1] (HSK) describe their results on reconstructing the free energy profiles for both the stretch of the titin polymer, and the unfolding of an individual I27 domain. The new finding reported in [1] is the measurement of the free energy barrier (or activation energy) to unfolding the I27 domain. Due to a misinterpretation of the mechanics involved, the free energy surface (and thus the energy barrier) to unfolding the I27 domain was not measured

Unified Model of Dynamic Forced Barrier Crossing in Single Molecules

Thermally activated barrier crossing in the presence of an increasing load can reveal kinetic rate constants and energy barrier parameters when repeated over a range of loading rates. Here we derive a model of the mean escape force for all relevant loading rates--the complete force spectrum. Two well-known approximations emerge as limiting cases; one of which confirms predictions that single-barrier spectra should converge to a phenomenological description in the slow loading limit

Techniques used by rural mothers in rearing their only child who was under three years of age

Although the questions were asked in a different way, the study by Jersild5 of the joys and problems of child rearing is somewhat similar to the portion of the present study concerned with the favorable and unfavorable behavior of children, as viewed by their mothers. The families represented were drawn mainly from urban, white, middle class groups. However, enough suburban and low socio-economic families were in the sample for the authors to report findings significant for these groups. Many more urban parents than suburban parents mentioned problems related to health and to living quarters such as inadequate space and resulting irritability. Parents of low socio-economic status mentioned the problem of living quarters more than any other problem; also, these parents appeared to show less awareness and appreciation of the psychological characteristics of their children than did parents of higher economic status.

‘Oregon Snowflake’ Flowering Currant

Flowering currant (Ribes sanguineum Pursh.), also known as winter currant, is native to the West Coast of the U.S., primarily west of the Coast Range from Southern California north to British Columbia with populations also occurring in Idaho. The species is prized for its early spring flowers in pendulous racemes of 7 to 10 cm in colors including white, pink, and rose-red. Improved cultivars have been selected primarily based on floral traits. These include White Icicle™ (=‘Ubric’) with profuse white flowers on a shrub that reaches 2.5 m high and 1.8 m wide. ‘Pokey’s Pink’ and ‘King Edward VII’ are grown for their clear pink and red flowers, respectively. The growth habit of the species and most of its cultivars are larger than desired and the plants tend to become leggy and exhibit an overall poor form. ‘Oregon Snowflake’ was developed at Oregon State University (OSU) and released by the Oregon Agriculture Experiment Station for its improved plant habit, which is mounding and semi-dwarf as well as its unique leaf shape.This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the American Society for Horticultural Science and can be found at: http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/Keywords: Grossulariaceae, Ornamental plant breeding, Mutagenesis, Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), Landscape plant, Ribes sanguineu