68 research outputs found
Barley <i>SIX-ROWED SPIKE3</i> encodes a putative Jumonji C-type H3K9me2/me3 demethylase that represses lateral spikelet fertility
The VRS genes of barley control the fertility of the lateral spikelets on the barley inflorescence. Here, Bull et al. show that VRS3 encodes a putative Jumonji C-type histone demethylase that regulates expression of other VRS genes, and genes involved in stress, hormone and sugar metabolism
ANK, a Host Cytoplasmic Receptor for the Tobacco mosaic virus Cell-to-Cell Movement Protein, Facilitates Intercellular Transport through Plasmodesmata
Plasmodesma (PD) is a channel structure that spans the cell wall and provides symplastic connection between adjacent cells. Various macromolecules are known to be transported through PD in a highly regulated manner, and plant viruses utilize their movement proteins (MPs) to gate the PD to spread cell-to-cell. The mechanism by which MP modifies PD to enable intercelluar traffic remains obscure, due to the lack of knowledge about the host factors that mediate the process. Here, we describe the functional interaction between Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) MP and a plant factor, an ankyrin repeat containing protein (ANK), during the viral cell-to-cell movement. We utilized a reverse genetics approach to gain insight into the possible involvement of ANK in viral movement. To this end, ANK overexpressor and suppressor lines were generated, and the movement of MP was tested. MP movement was facilitated in the ANK-overexpressing plants, and reduced in the ANK-suppressing plants, demonstrating that ANK is a host factor that facilitates MP cell-to-cell movement. Also, the TMV local infection was largely delayed in the ANK-suppressing lines, while enhanced in the ANK-overexpressing lines, showing that ANK is crucially involved in the infection process. Importantly, MP interacted with ANK at PD. Finally, simultaneous expression of MP and ANK markedly decreased the PD levels of callose, β-1,3-glucan, which is known to act as a molecular sphincter for PD. Thus, the MP-ANK interaction results in the downregulation of callose and increased cell-to-cell movement of the viral protein. These findings suggest that ANK represents a host cellular receptor exploited by MP to aid viral movement by gating PD through relaxation of their callose sphincters
Satellite Tobacco Necrosis Virus Structure At 4.0-a Resolution
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62949/1/285373a0.pd
Structure of human carbonic anhydrase B: I. Crystallization and heavy atom modifications
Human carbonic anhydrase B has been crystallized from 2.3 M-ammonium sulphate solution at pH 8.7. A method for reproducible crystallization is presented. The crystals are suitable for high-resolution X-ray diffraction studies. They belong to the orthorhombic space group P 212121 with cell dimensions a = 81.5 Å, B = 73.6 Å, C = 37.1Å. The position of the essential zinc ion has been established from two projections. The zinc ion has been replaced by mercury to form one of the heavy atom derivatives
Satellite tobacco necrosis virus structure at 4.0 Ã… resolution
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62949/1/285373a0.pd
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