Influence of a six month endurance exercise program on the immune function of prostate cancer patients undergoing Antiandrogen or Chemotherapy: design and rationale of the ProImmun study

Background: Exercise seems to minimize prostate cancer specific mortality risk and treatment related side effects like fatigue and incontinence. However the influence of physical activity on the immunological level remains uncertain. Even prostate cancer patients undergoing palliative treatment often have a relatively long life span compared to other cancer entities. To optimize exercise programs and their outcomes it is essential to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Further, it is important to discriminate between different exercise protocols and therapy regimes. Methods/Design: The ProImmun study is a prospective multicenter patient preference randomized controlled trial investigating the influence of a 24 week endurance exercise program in 80–100 prostate cancer patients by comparing patients undergoing Antiandrogen therapy combined with exercise (AE), Antiandrogen therapy without exercise (A), Chemotherapy with exercise(CE) or Chemotherapy without exercise (C). The primary outcome of the study is a change in prostate cancer relevant cytokines and hormones (IL-6, MIF, IGF-1, Testosterone). Secondary endpoints are immune cell ratios, oxidative stress and antioxidative capacity levels, VO2 peak, fatigue and quality of life. Patients of the intervention group exercise five times per week, while two sessions are supervised. During the supervised sessions patients (AE and CE) exercise for 33 minutes on a bicycle ergometer at 70-75% of their VO2 peak. To assess long term effects and sustainability of the intervention two follow-up assessments are arranged 12 and 18 month after the intervention. Discussion: The ProImmun study is the first trial which primarily investigates immunological effects of a six month endurance exercise program in prostate cancer patients during palliative care. Separating patients treated with Antiandrogen therapy from those who are additionally treated with Chemotherapy might allow a more specific view on the influence of endurance training interventions and the impact of different therapy protocols on the immune function. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS0000473

Exercise Preserves Physical Function in Prostate Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases

The presence of bone metastases has excluded participation of cancer patients in exercise interventions and is a relative contraindication to supervised exercise in the community setting due to concerns of fragility fracture. We examined the efficacy and safety of a modular multi-modal exercise program in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases.Between 2012 and 2015, 57 prostate cancer patients (70.0±8.4 years; BMI 28.7±4.0 kg/m) with bone metastases (pelvis 75.4%, femur 40.4%, rib/thoracic spine 66.7%, lumbar spine 43.9%, humerus 24.6%, other sites 70.2%) were randomised to multi-modal supervised aerobic, resistance and flexibility exercises undertaken thrice weekly (EX, n=28) or usual care (CON, n=29) for 3 months. Physical function subscale of the SF-36 was the primary endpoint as an indicator of patient-rated physical functioning. Secondary endpoints included objective measures of physical function, lower body muscle strength, body composition and fatigue. Safety was assessed by recording the incidence and severity of any adverse events, skeletal complications, and bone pain throughout the intervention.There was a significant difference between groups for self-reported physical functioning (3.2 points, 95% CI 0.4-6.0 points; p=0.028) and lower body muscle strength (6.6 kg, 95% CI 0.6-12.7; p =0.033) at 3 months favouring EX. However, there was no difference between groups for lean mass (p=0.584), fat mass (p=0.598), or fatigue (p=0.964). There were no exercise-related adverse events or skeletal fractures and no differences in bone pain between EX and CON (p=0.507).Multi-modal modular exercise in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases led to self-reported improvements in physical function and objectively measured lower body muscle strength with no skeletal complications or increased bone pain.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal

Sport- und Bewegungstherapie als Standard der modernen Krebsmedizin : Verfügbare Strukturen und Konzepte zur Versorgung onkologischer Patienten

Exercise oncology evidence has risen sharply over the past decade. Due to this development, new structures and concepts are currently being implemented in Germany that strive for high-quality, nationwide care for oncological patients. With the networking and quality assurance of existing exercise and oncological care structures, the OnkoAktiv network aims for easy access to specific movement offers by those affected. The initiative of the Oncological Training and exercise Therapy (OTT) ensures the therapeutic standard in dealing with oncological patients

Exercise Therapy Interventions in Oncology - An Analysis of Structure and Programs in German Oncological Rehabilitation Clinics

Aim of the study The study analyzed the therapeutic interventions in terms of infrastructure, exercise therapy contents and methods in oncological rehabilitation clinics in Germany. Methods The cross-sectional survey was conducted by a self-designed questionnaire. The analysis included 157 rehabilitation clinics according to defined inclusion criteria. Results 33 rehabilitation clinics (21.02%) with a total of 44,828 rehabilitants (29.4%) could be included. 83.6% of the rehabilitants receive sports- and 82.2% physical therapy. All rehabilitation clinics carry out physiotherapeutic/sports science diagnostics before the beginning of exercise programs. Depending on the side effects, 44-80% of the clinics recommend physical activity according to current state of the art. Conclusion Exercise therapy is important in german oncological rehabilitation clinics. However, there are a lot of differences between the methods and contents of exercise therapy

Physical Activity, Exercise and Breast Cancer - What Is the Evidence for Rehabilitation, Aftercare, and Survival? A Review

The current scientific field of exercise interventions in breast cancer is very large. Rehabilitation focuses on restoring or improving quality of life and thus on independence and participation in life. Hence, it is important to investigate exercise interventions in the setting of rehabilitation and aftercare. It is also necessary to determine the influence of physical activity or exercise therapy on the prevention of recurrence and mortality as well as on certain side effects of the disease and its medical treatment in rehabilitation. Physical activity in rehabilitation and aftercare is feasible and safe and can be used for various purposes. Against the background of reduced fatigue, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, cancer-related cognitive impairment, arthralgia, lymphedema, recurrence, and mortality, as well as improved quality of life, different methodological approaches and evidence can be seen. Although the overall data availability has increased, there are gaps in study documentation as well as inadequate verification of scientific approaches in rehabilitation clinics and in everyday life. (C) 2018 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg