NMR in Superfluid A-like Phase of 3^3He Confined in Globally Deformed Aerogel in Tilted Magnetic Field

NMR spectra in superfluid A-like phases confined in axially deformed aerogel in presence of a magnetic field inclined with respect to deformation axis is considered. The characteristic features of dipole frequency shift in axially compressed and axially stretched cases are compared. In particular, it is shown that in axially stretched aerogel environment the stability region of coherently spin precessing mode is rather narrow due to the U(1)LIM effect.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

An Ecological Study of Mobility and Settlement Patterns Among the Belcher Island Eskimo

Settlement composition of these islands is based on co-residence of male siblings after marriage; seasonal or annual changes are mainly a result of economic pressures. Location and mobility of settlements is controlled by availability of food, dog-food, and fuel (driftwood, lichens). Acculturated groups migrate in winter to the west where foxes are abundant, in summer to the east for wage employment. Seasonal location of traditional settlements conforms to biogeographical features, viz: coastal characteristics which influence the number and availability of seals.Étude écologique de la mobilité et du dessin des établissements chez les Esquimaux des îles de Belcher. Dans les îles de Belcher, un complexe de facteurs écologiques favorise le développment de techniques individuelles de production; c'est pourquoi la formation des établissements humains ne résulte pas des nécessités d'une activité économique collective. Les facteurs économiques sont les principaux responsables des changements dans la composition et la localisation des établissements, bien qu'en certaines saisons, les pressions sociales aient aussi une forte influence. La composition des établissements est largement basée sur la parenté, bien que des facteurs de la personnalité jouent aussi un rôle important. L'acculturation a une influence tant sur la mobilité que sur le dessin des établissements

Polar Bear Predation on Beluga in the Canadian Arctic

During May 1970, while conducting field work at Grise Fiord in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, a local hunter reported that a polar bear (Ursus maritimus) had successfully caught 3 beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) during March near King Edward VII Point (76°08' N, 81°08' W), the extreme southeast cape of Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories. As none of the fifteen local hunters had ever witnessed such an event, and only one had ever heard of it before, I assumed bear predation on whales to be very rare, and consequently recorded whatever information I could obtain at the time. According to the hunter's narrative, movement of a partially grounded iceberg about 200 metres offshore had prevented freezing of a small area of water surrounding the berg. ... it seems probable that a small number of beluga had endeavoured to pass the winter in the open water alongside this berg. At some time in March a medium-sized female bear had caught and removed an adult female beluga together with another adult and a grey-coloured subadult beluga both of unspecified sex; the adult female beluga was dragged about 7 metres from the edge of the water, the other two a shorter distance only. ... Four days later on reaching the site of the whale kill, only the carcass of the grey beluga remained; apparently movement of the berg had broken up the ice and no trace of the other two carcasses could be found. The remaining carcass was attracting large numbers of glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) and some ravens (Corvus corax) and earlier that day two male bears had been present. The smaller of the two bears had walked backwards dragging the beluga carcass tail-first in a zig-zag course a distance of about 150 metres from an earlier resting place on the ice. Inspection of the carcass indicated loss of all skin and fat, and most of the meat from head and trunk; fracture of the occipital bones had occurred, but it is not known if this damage was suffered before or after death. An eyewitness account of a polar bear killing beluga in Novaya Zemblya however, relates how the bear lies with outstretched paws on the ice and delivers a blow to the head when the whale surfaces within range. ... There appears no reason to doubt that the hunter reporting this event had, as he believed, discovered the beluga shortly after they were caught in March, nor that the tracks of the medium-sized female bear near the carcasses at that time were those of the predator. According to the description given, such a bear would weigh in the range of 130 to 180 kilograms, or about one-fifth the probable weight of each adult beluga it had successfully killed and removed from the water. The only other reports on bears killing beluga I can find in the literature appear contradictory. One asserts that, in the Baffin Bay region, at small openings in the ice where whales are sometimes trapped in winter, "a small flock of bears will congregate and kill a small whale, which they will then drag up on to the ice and eat". The other commentary, relating to the Eurasian arctic, suggests that attacks on beluga by single bears are quite frequent, and that when a bear discovers a pod of trapped whales it remains nearby and successively kills them (up to 13 are reliably reported). This present report of a multiple killing by a solitary bear, substantiated by direct inspection shortly after the event, establishes that there is no difference between Eurasian and North American polar bears in regard to this predatory behaviour

Introduction: Community-Based Whaling in the North

The papers in this volume were presented during the 1991 annual meeting of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, held in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The topic of the two-day symposium was Sustainable Whaling in contemporary context, and though not all papers presented at the symposium are published in this issue of Arctic, the ones appearing provide a representative cross-section of research on whaling being carried out in different disciplines at this time. ..

Science and Ethics in the North

In this present paper I will comment upon and evaluate the initial report of the Working Group on Science for the North entitled Ethical Principles for the Conduct of Research in the North (MAB 1977a)

George Weetaltuk (ca. 1862-1956)

The historic Inuit occupation of the James Bay region is largely associated with the name of one man, George Weetaltuk. This Inuit leader was a respected Hudson's Bay Company pilot, boat builder, and artist, as well as patriarch of the Cape Hope Island Inuit community. His reputation and accomplishments are attested to in various written sources, and his many drawings comprise the earliest extensive collection of Canadian Inuit graphic art. One of the earliest and most widely reproduced of Weetaltuk's sketches is his 1910 map of the (then unknown to map-makers) Belcher Islands archipelago in Hudson Bay. This remarkable map, drawn about twenty years after Weetaltuk had left the Belcher Islands to live in James Bay, led Robert Flaherty to search for and subsequently explore the Belcher Islands during the years 1914-1916. ... Between 1930 and 1950 Weetaltuk gained fame as a canoe and boat builder. He had constructed a sawmill and a steamer on the island for shaping wood, and there he built the renowned Cape Hope Island canoes, which are still being made today in Poste de la Baleine, Quebec, by his descendants. However, especially noteworthy were the three large, masted boats he built; the largest, the Carwyn, was over 50 feet long and was built in 1944 when Weetaltuk was more than 80 years old. The first large boat he built was resold by the Hudson's Bay Company to the Roman Catholic missions, who renamed it Notre Dame de l'Esperance, and under that name it sailed the East Main and Labrador coasts for many years. ... Weetaltuk's woodworking skills resulted in the arrival of many orders for handmade furniture, from cities and towns all over Canada and the United States. The Anglican churches at Old Factory, Quebec, and Moose Factory, Ontario, commissioned him to carve their ornate bishop's chairs. The Cape Hope Island community consisted, for the most part, of Weetaltuk's descendants, and was the most southerly Inuit community in Canada until its relocation in 1960. The community enjoyed harmonious relations with adjacent James Bay Cree communities, and all the Inuit spoke Cree (several spoke French and English too). ..

Thermodynamic properties of thin films of superfluid 3He-A

The pairing correlations in superfluid He-3 are strongly modified by quasiparticle scattering off a surface or an interface. We present theoretical results and predictions for the order parameter, the quasiparticle excitation spectrum and the free energy for thin films of superfluid He-3. Both specular and diffuse scattering by a substrate are considered, while the free surface is assumed to be a perfectly reflecting specular boundary. The results are based on self-consistent calculations of the order parameter and quasiparticle excitation spectrum at zero pressure. We obtain new results for the phase diagram, free energy, entropy and specific heat of thin films of superfluid He-3.Comment: Replaced with an updated versio