Physical limitations on quantum nonlocality in the detection of gamma photons emitted from positron/electron annihilation

Recent experimental measurements of the time interval between detection of the two photons emitted in positron/electron annihilation have indicated that collapse of the spatial part of the photon's wavefunction, due to detection of the other photon, does not occur. Although quantum nonlocality actually occurs in photons produced through parametric down-conversion, the recent experiments give strong evidence against measurement-induced instantaneous spatial-localization of high-energy gamma photons. A new quantum-mechanical analysis of the EPR problem is presented which may help to explain the observed differences between photons produced through parametric down-conversion and photons produced through positron/electron annihilation. The results are found to concur with the recent experiments involving gamma photons.Comment: accepted for publication, Phys. Rev.

National Interprofessional Education Initiatives

Purpose: The goal of this presentation is to define the IPE activities that meet the national competencies and share strategies for designing, implementing, and assessing IPE programs. Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), interprofessional education is defined as students from 2 or more professions learning about, from, and with each other to enable effective collaborations and improve health outcomes. The institute of Medicine (IOM) reports that IPE must be included in the education and training of health care professionals to enhance the delivery of health care services. Most recently, many accrediting agencies have refined IPE to be Interprofessional Practice and Education. Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) included IPE in the 2016 Accreditation Standards. Many colleges and schools of pharmacy have successfully developed and implemented IPE programs at their institutions. Description of Intervention: Faculty and administrators from various U.S. pharmacy programs will describe didactic and experiential IPE programs at their institutions. The presenters will share innovative examples of IPE programs and provide “lessons learned” for developing, implementing, and assessing IPE programs. Results: A group of academicians will highlight their national IPE initiatives to better meet the WHO framework, International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Global Competencies, and ACPE standards. In addition, the presenters will describe innovative strategies for designing, implementing, and assessing the quality of IPE programs in various schools and colleges of pharmacy. Conclusions: Re-designing the education and training of health care professionals by including IPE will enhance the quality and safety of health care services, reduce costs, and improve health outcomes. Relevance to IPE or Practice: Initiatives used to design, implement, and assess various IPE programs can be applied to other healthcare disciplines delivering IPE. Educational and training outcomes of these initiatives can be mapped to national and global IPE standards to enhance the quality of pharmacy education. Learning Objectives: 1. Describe various national programs for designing, implementing, and assessing IPE. 2. Identify successful examples of IPE pharmacy programs applicable to other health care professions. 3. Share “lessons learned” for designing, implementing, and assessing IPE programs

Experimental Demonstration of a Quantum Circuit using Linear Optics Gates

One of the main advantages of an optical approach to quantum computing is the fact that optical fibers can be used to connect the logic and memory devices to form useful circuits, in analogy with the wires of a conventional computer. Here we describe an experimental demonstration of a simple quantum circuit of that kind in which two probabilistic exclusive-OR (XOR) logic gates were combined to calculate the parity of three input qubits.Comment: v2 is final PRA versio

Single Photons on Pseudo-Demand from Stored Parametric Down-Conversion

We describe the results of a parametric down-conversion experiment in which the detection of one photon of a pair causes the other photon to be switched into a storage loop. The stored photon can then be switched out of the loop at a later time chosen by the user, providing a single photon for potential use in a variety of quantum information processing applications. Although the stored single photon is only available at periodic time intervals, those times can be chosen to match the cycle time of a quantum computer by using pulsed down-conversion. The potential use of the storage loop as a photonic quantum memory device is also discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 7 Figs., RevTe

Sensitivity of entangled photon holes to loss and amplification

Energy-time entangled photon holes are shown to be relatively insensitive to photon loss due to absorption by atoms whose coherence times are longer than the time delays typically employed in nonlocal interferometry (a fraction of a nanosecond). Roughly speaking, the excited atoms do not retain any significant "which-path" information regarding the time at which a photon was absorbed. High-intensity entangled photon holes can also be amplified under similar conditions. Decoherence does occur from losses at beam splitters, and these results show that photon loss cannot always be adequately modeled using a sequence of beam splitters. These properties of entangled photon holes may be useful in quantum communications systems where the range of the system is limited by photon loss.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

Practical Quantum Bit Commitment Protocol

A quantum protocol for bit commitment the security of which is based on technological limitations on nondemolition measurements and long-term quantum memory is presented.Comment: Quantum Inf. Process. (2011