Velten and musical mood induction procedures: A comparison with accessibility of thought associations

This study aims at testing for the effectivity of Velten MIP and Musical MIP and comparing both in a direct way both at a group level and individually using (substantial) mood changes. Moreover, effects of mood changes on changes in thought association judgements are tested (accessibility of cognitions). One-hundred-and-eighty-four students of two departments of a College for Higher Vocational Education, at random assigned to two experiments (Velten MIP and Musical MIP, n = 92 for each experiment) participated in the study, held at the college. In each experiment four mood induction condition groups were employed: anxious, depressive, elated or neutral. In each condition mood induction (the independent variable) was preceded and followed by a thought association task, i.e. reactions of Ss in addition to allegedly neutral stimulus words of two word lists: List A and List B. Of each condition, approximately half of the Ss (11 or 12) received the word lists in the order A-B, the other half receiving the word lists in reverse order. Thought association tasks and MIP were interspersed by mood ratings, using Visual Analogue Scales (VASs: anxious, depressive, elated and hostile). At the end of the experiment, Ss judged their thought associations for feeling tone (anxious, depressive, elated and hostile) using VAS-like rating scales. The difference between feeling tone judgements of the second and first thought association tasks operated as the dependent variable. As for the effectivity of mood manipulation, results partially supported the hypothesized superiority of Musical MIP as against the Velten MIP, i.e. the former—both at the group and at an individual level—presenting stronger results; however, a direct comparison between two MIPs failed to substantiate this. Sex was shown to play a major role in inducing mood, namely more women than men were susceptible to mood influences. Impact of personality characteristics on mood changes, on the other hand, was generally absent. Personality factors were also shown hardly to have influenced changes of judgement of feeling tones in addition to thought associations. In this context presentation of word lists (A-B or B-A) were shown to be the pertinent factor, due to stimulus words' characteristics. Thus, contrary to what was presumed, mood changes filled a negligible part. Discussion of results leads one to conclude that one needs different stimulus words, i.e. words that lack fixed connotations that preclude any mood influence surviving. Suggestions are made for developing future research designed to shed some more light on the emotion-cognition issue, which topic is believed to be of outstanding relevance for grounding scientifically intervention procedures which are in use in clinical practice

Active and passive smoking behaviour and cessation plans of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis

Background: Smoking is a remarkable risk factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with negative effects on Crohn's disease (CD) and positive effects on ulcerative colitis (UC). This makes different changes in smoking behaviour after diagnosis between CD and UC likely. Changes in active smoking, cessation plans and passive smoking were studied in IBD patients. Methods: 820 IBD patients were sent a questionnaire on active and passive smoking, and cessation plans. A total of 675 (82%) patients (380 CD and 295 UC) responded. Results: More ever smoking UC patients stopped smoking before diagnosis than CD patients (63% vs 22%; p Conclusion: There are no differences in changes in smoking behaviour at and after diagnosis between CD and UC patients, suggesting a lack of knowledge in these patients about the link between their disease and smoking behaviour. However, CD patients seem less refractory to smoking cessation than the general population. Therefore it is worthwhile putting energy in helping CD patients stop smoking. (C) 2009 European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Effects of active and passive smoking on disease course of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis

Background: Smoking is a remarkable risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). aggravating Crohn's disease (CD) while having beneficial effects On Ulcerative colitis (UC). We Studied the effects of active and passive smoking in Dutch IBD patients. Methods: A questionnaire focusing Oil cigarette smoke exposure was sent to 820 IBD patients. Returned questionnaries were incorporated into a retrospective chart review, containing details about disease behavior and received therapy. Results: In all, 675 IBD patients (380 [56%] CD and 295 [44%] UC) responded. At diagnosis there were 52% smokers in CD, 41% it) the general Population, and 28% in UC. The number of present smokers in CD is lower than in the general population (26% versus 35%). No detrimental effects of active smoking oil CD were observed, but passive smokers needed immunosuppressants and infliximab more frequently than nonpassive smokers. Active smoking had beneficial effects oil UC, indicated by reduced rates of colectomy, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and backwash-ileitis in active smokers compared to never smokers, and higher daily cigarette dose correlated with less extensive colitis and a lower need for therapy. Furthermore, smoking cessation after diagnosis was, detrimental for UC patients, indicated by increased needs for steroids and hospitalizations for patients that stopped smoking after compared to before the diagnosis. Conclusions: Active smoking is a risk factor for CD, but does not affect the outcome passive smoking is detrimental for the outcome of CD patients. In UC, active smoking shows dose-dependent beneficial effects. Our data suggest that passive smoking is a novel risk factor for CD