CropPol: a dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination

Seventy five percent of the world's food crops benefit from insect pollination. Hence, there has been increased interest in how global change drivers impact this critical ecosystem service. Because standardized data on crop pollination are rarely available, we are limited in our capacity to understand the variation in pollination benefits to crop yield, as well as to anticipate changes in this service, develop predictions, and inform management actions. Here, we present CropPol, a dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination. It contains measurements recorded from 202 crop studies, covering 3,394 field observations, 2,552 yield measurements (i.e. berry weight, number of fruits and kg per hectare, among others), and 47,752 insect records from 48 commercial crops distributed around the globe. CropPol comprises 32 of the 87 leading global crops and commodities that are pollinator dependent. Malus domestica is the most represented crop (32 studies), followed by Brassica napus (22 studies), Vaccinium corymbosum (13 studies), and Citrullus lanatus (12 studies). The most abundant pollinator guilds recorded are honey bees (34.22% counts), bumblebees (19.19%), flies other than Syrphidae and Bombyliidae (13.18%), other wild bees (13.13%), beetles (10.97%), Syrphidae (4.87%), and Bombyliidae (0.05%). Locations comprise 34 countries distributed among Europe (76 studies), Northern America (60), Latin America and the Caribbean (29), Asia (20), Oceania (10), and Africa (7). Sampling spans three decades and is concentrated on 2001-05 (21 studies), 2006-10 (40), 2011-15 (88), and 2016-20 (50). This is the most comprehensive open global data set on measurements of crop flower visitors, crop pollinators and pollination to date, and we encourage researchers to add more datasets to this database in the future. This data set is released for non-commercial use only. Credits should be given to this paper (i.e., proper citation), and the products generated with this database should be shared under the same license terms (CC BY-NC-SA). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Effects of glycerol on Pseudomonas fluorescens BTP1 freeze-dried

The storage stability of freeze-dried powders was studied by parameters such as loss of viability on the Plate Count Agar (PCA). Powder with glycerol (PG) contains 8.4x1010cfu/g before storage 1.1x1010cfug after 3 months at 4°C and 6.0x108cfu/g after 3 months at 20°C. The concentration of soluble proteins (mg/g) decrease during storage at 4°C from 3.77 to 0.80 after 90 days; and the ratios of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (C18:3/C16:0 and C18:2/C16:0) decrease respectively from 0.05 to 0.04 and 0.007 to 0.004 after 3 months at 4°C. This ratio characterises the membrane fluidity. Powder without glycerol (PS) contains 1.1x1010 cfu/g before storage and 1.4 x 108 cfu/g after 3 months at 4°C and 1.4 x 107 cfu/g after 3 months at 20°C. The concentration of soluble proteins (mg/g) decrease during storage at 4°C from 4.08 to 0.42 after 90 days, the glutathione concentration decrease during storage at 4°C from 2.2 to 1.4. The beneficial effect of glycerol on fatty acid composition during freezedrying is shown and the ratios of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (C18:2/C16:0 and C18:3/C16:0) decrease respectively from 0.019 to 0.004 and 0.054 to 0.036 after 90 days storage at 4°C. Analysis by flow cytometry was used to assess the physiological state in which cells are at the end of freeze-drying. We found 13.5% live cells, 36.1% dead cells and 50.4% cells in an intermediate state for powder with glycerol (PG) after freeze-drying. These results shows that glycerol play an important role in Pseudomonas fluorescens BTP1 desiccation during freeze-drying, by maintaining a degree of viability after freeze-drying and during storage.Conseil Alimentaire (CONSALIM

Amélioration de la biodégradation du biphényle par Rhodococcus erythropolis t902.1 en présence de Fe2O3 et de nanoparticules de fer encapsulées dans un xérogel de silice

Dans ce travail, l’effet de particules d’oxyde de fer Fe2O3 et de nanoparticules de fer encapsulées dans des particules poreuses de silice (xérogel Fe/SiO2) a été étudié sur la biodégradation du biphényle par la souche Rhodococcus erythropolis T902.1. Les pourcentages de biodégradation après 18 jours d’incubation en présence du xérogel Fe/SiO2 à 10-5 M en fer atteignent 75 % et 85 % respectivement pour les conditions sans ou après autoclavage ; c’est-à-dire 42 et 60 % de dégradation supplémentaire par rapport aux conditions standards sans xérogel Fe/SiO2. L’impact dû à l’autoclavage serait directement associé à la libération d’une certaine quantité de fer moins bien ancré dans la matrice de silice. Cette étude a jeté la lumière sur la liaison entre la sécrétion de sidérophores par Rhodococcus erythropolis T902.1 et la présence de nanoparticules de fer dans le milieu de culture. Elle suggère une diminution de la sécrétion de sidérophores avec l’augmentation de la quantité d’ions ferriques mobilisés à partir du xérogel Fe/SiO2. Finalement, la majorité des surfactants glycolipidiques contenant du trehalose (hexose) produits par Rhodococcus erythropolis T902.1 sont liés à la surface de la cellule et ne sont pas excrétés dans le milieu de culture ; leur concentration a augmenté de 85 % enprésence de nanoparticules de fer.In this work, the effect of iron oxide particles Fe2O3 and iron nanoparticles encapsulated in a porous silica matrix (xerogel Fe/SiO2) was investigated on biphenyl biodegradation by the strain Rhodococcus erythropolis T902.1. After 18 days of incubation biodegradation yields of 75% and 85% were achieved respectively in presence of non-autoclaved or autoclaved xerogel Fe/SiO2 at 10-5 M iron. These results are 42 and 60 % higher than in standard conditions without nanoparticles. They suggest that the autoclave procedure lead to the release of some iron less anchored in the silica matrix. This study highlights that siderophore production by Rhodococcus erythropolis T902.1 would be related to the presence of iron nanoparticles in the culture. It suggests that the production of these strong chelating compounds decreases with increase of iron release from xerogel Fe/SiO2. Moreover, most of the surfactants synthesized by Rhodococcus erythropolis T902.1 which are glycolipids containing trehalose (hexose), would be linked to cell surface and not excreted in the culture medium; the biomass hexose content also increased by 85% in presence of iron nanoparticles.NANOMICRO : nanoparticles for hydrocarbons (PAH) bioremediatio

Design of a medical record review study on the incidence and preventability of adverse events requiring a higher level of care in Belgian hospitals

Abstract Background Adverse events are unintended patient injuries that arise from healthcare management resulting in disability, prolonged hospital stay or death. Adverse events that require intensive care admission imply a considerable financial burden to the healthcare system. The epidemiology of adverse events in Belgian hospitals has never been assessed systematically. Findings A multistage retrospective review study of patients requiring a transfer to a higher level of care will be conducted in six hospitals in the province of Limburg. Patient records are reviewed starting from January 2012 by a clinical team consisting of a research nurse, a physician and a clinical pharmacist. Besides the incidence and the level of causation and preventability, also the type of adverse events and their consequences (patient harm, mortality and length of stay) will be assessed. Moreover, the adequacy of the patient records and quality/usefulness of the method of medical record review will be evaluated. Discussion This paper describes the rationale for a retrospective review study of adverse events that necessitate a higher level of care. More specifically, we are particularly interested in increasing our understanding in the preventability and root causes of these events in order to implement improvement strategies. Attention is paid to the strengths and limitations of the study design.</p

Investigation of the potential effect of encapsulated metal nanoparticles on enhancement of thermophilic anaerobic fermentation of methane

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe