Assessment of the composition and microbiological purity of cold-pressed oils manufactured by OleoWita

Wprowadzenie: Nienasycone kwasy tłuszczowe, wchodząc w skład naturalnych olei, stanowią niezbędny składnik potrzebny do prawidłowego funkcjonowania organizmu, w tym również skóry. Celem badania była analiza składu lipidów oraz czystości mikrobiologicznej tłoczonych na zimno olei przeznaczonych do użytku jako produkty kosmetyczne. Materiał i metody: Ocenie poddano tłoczone na zimno oleje firmy OleoWita otrzymane z pestek aronii, czarnej porzeczki, czarnego bzu, malin, moreli, pomidora, truskawek, nasion brokułów, czarnuszki siewnej, konopi, krokosza barwierskiego, ostropestu oraz z kokosa. W oparciu o spektrometrię masową dokonano analizy zawartości procentowej poszczególnych kwasów tłuszczowych. Ponadto wszystkie testowane oleje poddano ocenie czystości mikrobiologicznej zgodnie z ustawowymi wymogami dotyczącymi kosmetyków. Wyniki: Największą zawartością kwasów omega-3 charakteryzowały się olej z pestek czarnego bzu (34,93%), truskawek (29,01%) i malin (22,31%); natomiast najwięcej kwasów omega-6 zawierały olej z krokosza barwierskiego (75,11%), olej z pestek aronii (61,54%) oraz czarnej porzeczki (61,48%). Badane oleje zawierały również nienasycone kwasy tłuszczowe omega-9, w tym najwięcej olej z nasion brokułów (69,46%), z pestek moreli (68,16%), z nasion pomidora (29,67%). Kwasy tłuszczowe omega-7 stanowiły niewielki odsetek procentowy w składzie badanych olejów; największą zawartością cechował się olej z nasion pomidora (4,09%), z pestek czarnej porzeczki (1,4%) i z nasion brokułów (1,11%). W przeprowadzonym badaniu mikrobiologicznym z wykorzystaniem próbek gotowych do zastosowania stwierdzono, że 12 produktów spełniało mikrobiologiczne kryteria kosmetyku klasy I, natomiast jeden produkt (olej kokosowy) został zakwalifikowany jako kosmetyk klasy II. Wnioski: Testowane oleje naturalne mogą być wykorzystane jako produkty kosmetyczne. Wysoka zawartość nienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych może przyczyniać się do poprawy własności kosmetycznych tych produktów.Introduction: Unsaturated fatty acids, essential for proper functioning of whole organism including skin, are the components of natural oils. The aim of the project was the assessment of lipid composition and microbiological purity of natural cold pressed oils. Materials and methods: Cold pressed oils of OleoWita company obtained from chokeberry seeds, blackcurrant seeds, elderberry seeds, raspberry seeds, apricot stones, tomato seeds, strawberry seeds, broccoli seeds, Nigella sativa seeds, cannabis seeds, safflower seeds, milk thistle seeds, and coconut were analyzed. Mass spectrometry was used in order to conduct percentage analysis of fatty acids. Moreover, all oils were microbiologically tested according to the official legal requirements respecting cosmetics. Results: Oils with the highest content of omega-3 fatty acids were: elderberry oil (34.93%), strawberry seed oil (29.01%) and raspberry seed oil (22.31%). The highest concentration of omega-6 fatty acids was observed in safflower oil (75.11%), chokeberry seed oil (61.54%), and blackcurrant seed oil (61.48%). Analyzed oils also contained omega-9 acids, the ones with the highest percentage were broccoli seed oil (69.46%), apricot stone oil (68.16%), and tomato seed oil (29.67%). Omega-7 fatty acids constituted a small part of the total fatty acid content, e.g. tomato seed oil (4.09%), blackcurrant seed oil (1.4%) and broccoli seed oil (1.11%). Microbiological analysis has shown that 12 products were qualified as class 1 cosmetics, while coconut oil was assessed as class 2 cosmetic. Conclusions: High concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids enhances potential cosmetic properties of examined products, which can be used as cosmetics

In Vitro Activity of Sertraline, an Antidepressant, Against Antibiotic-Susceptible and Antibiotic-Resistant Helicobacter pylori Strains

Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori, a spiral bacterium associated with gastric diseases, is a topic that has been intensively discussed in last decades. Recent discoveries indicate promising antimicrobial and antibiotic-potentiating properties of sertraline (SER), an antidepressant substance. The aim of the study, therefore, was to determine the antibacterial activity of SER in relation to antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant H. pylori strains. The antimicrobial tests were performed using a diffusion-disk method, microdilution method, and time-killing assay. The interaction between SER and antibiotics (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline, and metronidazole) was determined by using a checkerboard method. In addition, the study was expanded to include observations by light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. The growth inhibition zones were in the range of 19–37 mm for discs impregnated with 2 mg of SER. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) counted for 2–8 µg/mL and 4–8 µg/mL, respectively. The time-killing assay showed the time-dependent and concentration-dependent bactericidal activity of SER. Bacteria exposed to MBCs (but not sub-MICs and MICs ≠ MBCs) underwent morphological transformation into coccoid forms. This mechanism, however, was not protective because these cells after a 24-h incubation had a several-fold reduced green/red fluorescence ratio compared to the control. Using the checkerboard assay, a synergistic/additive interaction of SER with all four antibiotics tested was demonstrated. These results indicate that SER may be a promising anti-H. pylori compound

In Vitro Activity of 3-Bromopyruvate, an Anticancer Compound, Against Antibiotic-Susceptible and Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Strains

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium capable of inducing chronic active gastritis, which in some people, develops into gastric cancers. One of the substances that may be useful in the eradication of this microorganism is 3-Bromopyruvate (3-BP), an anticancer compound with antimicrobial properties. The aim of this article was to determine the activity of 3-BP against antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant H. pylori strains. The antimicrobial activity was determined using a disk-diffusion method, broth microdilution method, time-killing assay, and checkerboard assay. The research was extended by observations using light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. The growth inhibition zones produced by 2 mg/disk with 3-BP counted for 16&#8315;32.5 mm. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 32 to 128 &#956;g/mL, while the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) for all tested strains had values of 128 &#956;g/mL. The time-killing assay demonstrated the concentration-dependent and time-dependent bactericidal activity of 3-BP. The decrease in culturability below the detection threshold (&lt;100 CFU/mL) was demonstrated after 6 h, 4 h, and 2 h of incubation for MIC, 2&#215; MIC, and 4&#215; MIC, respectively. Bacteria treated with 3-BP had a several times reduced mean green/red fluorescence ratio compared to the control samples, suggesting bactericidal activity, which was independent from an induction of coccoid forms. The checkerboard assay showed the existence of a synergistic/additive interaction of 3-BP with amoxicillin, tetracycline, and clarithromycin. Based on the presented results, it is suggested that 3-BP may be an interesting anti-H. pylori compound

Analysis of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extracts from Leaves of Some Malus domestica Cultivars: Antiradical and Antimicrobial Analysis of These Extracts

In this study, methanol, ethyl acetate, water extracts, and precipitate were obtained from leaves of Malus domestica cultivars: Golden delicious, Jonagold, Elstar, Ligol, and Mutsu. Antiradical activity of these extracts was measured using the ABTS +• radical, and antimicrobial activity was measured with the disk-diffusion method. Phenolic compounds were measured with the colorimetric method and identified with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest antiradical activity was observed for the Jonagold variety, and in particular strong activity was noted for ethyl acetate extracts. Antimicrobial activity was observed against strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and the fungus Candida glabrata. Particularly susceptible to the extracts activity appeared to be Staphylococcus aureus, but the growth of Candida glabrata was inhibited in the presence of ethyl acetate extracts. With the HPLC method we identified a high amount of phloridzin (above 500 mg per g of ethyl acetate extracts), lower amounts of hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and quercitrin, and traces of p-hydroxybenzoic and chlorogenic acids. The contribution of phloridzin to antiradical activity of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts was very high (above 90%). In water extract the contribution of phloridzin was between 38.9 and 55.2%, chlorogenic acid 22.7 and 36.1%, and hyperoside 12.2 and 13.3%

Analysis of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extracts from Leaves of Some Malus domestica Cultivars: Antiradical and Antimicrobial Analysis of These Extracts

In this study, methanol, ethyl acetate, water extracts, and precipitate were obtained from leaves of Malus domestica cultivars: Golden delicious, Jonagold, Elstar, Ligol, and Mutsu. Antiradical activity of these extracts was measured using the ABTS+∙ radical, and antimicrobial activity was measured with the disk-diffusion method. Phenolic compounds were measured with the colorimetric method and identified with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest antiradical activity was observed for the Jonagold variety, and in particular strong activity was noted for ethyl acetate extracts. Antimicrobial activity was observed against strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and the fungus Candida glabrata. Particularly susceptible to the extracts activity appeared to be Staphylococcus aureus, but the growth of Candida glabrata was inhibited in the presence of ethyl acetate extracts. With the HPLC method we identified a high amount of phloridzin (above 500 mg per g of ethyl acetate extracts), lower amounts of hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and quercitrin, and traces of p-hydroxybenzoic and chlorogenic acids. The contribution of phloridzin to antiradical activity of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts was very high (above 90%). In water extract the contribution of phloridzin was between 38.9 and 55.2%, chlorogenic acid 22.7 and 36.1%, and hyperoside 12.2 and 13.3%

Profile of Polyphenolic and Essential Oil Composition of Polish Propolis, Black Poplar and Aspens Buds

In this work, we studied similarities and differences between 70% ethanol in water extract (70EE) and essential oils (EOs) obtained from propolis, black poplars (Populus nigra L.) and aspens (P. tremula L.) to ascertain which of these is a better indicator of the plant species used by bees to collect propolis precursors. Composition of 70EE was analyzed by UPLC-PDA-MS, while GC-MS was used to research the EOs. Principal component analyses (PCA) and calculations of Spearman&rsquo;s coefficient rank were used for statistical analysis. Statistical analysis exhibited correlation between chemical compositions of propolis and Populus buds&rsquo; 70EE. In the case of EOs, results were less clear. Compositions of black poplars, aspens EOs and propolises have shown more variability than 70EE. Different factors such as higher instability of EOs compared to 70EE, different degradation pattern of benzyl esters to benzoic acid, differences in plant metabolism and bees&rsquo; preferences may be responsible for these phenomena. Our research has therefore shown that 70EE of propolis reflected the composition of P. nigra or complex aspen&ndash;black poplar origin