Joint environmental policy making and sustainable practices for the cardboard production: case study: Smurfit Kappa

Purpose – This paper presents an analysis of the influence of “Joint Environmental Policy-making” (JEP) in the operation of the company Smurfit Kappa (SK) in The Netherlands, Austria and Denmark (NL&AD). The paper aims to answer the question: to what extend has different levels of jointness and voluntariness of cardboard packaging-chain agreements between federal, governmental and business actors led to different recycling performances within the same company? Design/methodology/approach – JEP's analysis was framed under the model described by Mol, Volkmar and Liefferink by using information from mixed-methods throughout a semi-structured questionnaire for interviews and revision of relevant secondary data. This is a case of cross-national comparison for which origin and implementation level of JEPs were described per country, in accordance with those stages of the cardboard production chain. Findings – Jointness and voluntariness amongst other actors from governmental areas and business ranked high for the Dutch packaging-chain agreements with a visible impact in SK's recycling rates. SK in Austria and in Denmark, in this order, had a lower implementation level of JEPs which could be reflected in a lower recycling performance than in the Dutch SK subsidiaries. The context matters, including both political and social conditions. In particular, the role of householders as a last link in the recycling chain. Based on this, the selected countries share some societal characteristics associated with the environmental public awareness and active social participation. Originality/value – This paper fulfills an analysis of how environmental policy making is affected by the country context within the same company

¿La ‘soberanía de la tierra’ como alternativa? Hacia un contracercamiento de los pueblos

1. La soberanía de la tierra se refiere al derecho que tienen los pueblos trabajadores al acceso efectivo a la tierra, al uso de ella y a su control, así como a los beneficios de su uso y ocupación, entendiendo la tierra como un recurso, como territorio y como paisaje. 2. La soberanía de la tierra es tanto un llamado a la acción en contra de los renovados esfuerzos corporativos y (trans)nacionales para cercar el patrimonio común como la afirmación de la necesidad de un cercamiento popular de la tierra, que apoye a los pueblos trabajadores y su derecho humano a ejercer control sobre la tierra. ..

A ‘Land Sovereignty’ Alternative? Towards a Peoples’ Counter-Enclosure

1. Land sovereignty is the right of working peoples to have effective access to, use of, and control over land and the benefits of its use and occupation, where land is understood as resource, territory, and landscape. 2. Land sovereignty is both a call to action against a renewed corporate and (trans)national global push to enclose the commons and an assertion of the need for a people’s enclosure of the land; supporting working peoples and their human right to control over land. ..

Tendencias políticas en disputa para la gobernanza global del acaparamiento de tierras

La expansión de los ‘cultivos y materias primas flexibles’ en el marco de una transición paulatina en el régimen alimentario global, junto a la emergencia de los países BRICS y MICS (de Renta Media) y el revalorizado papel de los estados nación, conforman un contexto crítico para el acaparamiento de tierras. Estas transformaciones globales que determinan, y son a su vez determinadas por, el actual acaparamiento global de tierras, han resultado en varias interpretaciones en disputa alrededor de su significado, complejizando aún más el ya de por si complejo terreno de la gobernanza. Estamos siendo testigos de una disputa política tripartita sobre el control del carácter, ritmo, parámetros y trayectoria discursiva, así como de los instrumentos sobre, y la práctica de, la gobernanza global del acaparamiento de tierras, como en el caso de las Directrices Voluntarias del Comité de Seguridad Alimentaria Mundial de la ONU. Esta contienda gira alrededor de las siguientes tres tendencias: ‘regular para facilitar’, ‘regular para mitigar impactos negativos y maximizar oportunidades’, y ‘regular para detener y revertir’ el acaparamiento de tierras. Las trayectorias futuras del acaparamiento de tierras serán determinadas en buena medida por el balance entre fuerzas sociales y estatales en cada una y entre las tres tendencias políticas. Este artículo plantea un análisis preliminar a partir del mapeo de áreas de indagación sub-exploradas y ofrece más una serie de modos de cuestionamiento inicial, que argumentos firmes basados en material empírico sólido y completo

Climate change and land: Insights from Myanmar

Climate change and land are linked – politically. Climate change politics intersects with the global land rush in extensive and complex ways, the impacts of which affect villagers profoundly. These interconnections occur in direct and indirect ways and are often subtle, but that does not make them less important; it only makes the challenge of governing such dynamics in the interests of marginalized working poor people even more difficult. In this paper, we focus our analysis on indirect and subtle interconnections. Examining empirical cases in Northern Shan State in Myanmar, we conclude that these interconnections occur in at least three broad ways, in which climat

IS THE GENUS LUSITANOCOCCUS NEVES A JUNIOR SYNONYM OF CUCULLOCOCCUS FERRIS (HEMIPTERA: COCCOIDEA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE)?

IS THE GENUS LUSITANOCOCCUS NEVES A JUNIOR SYNONYM OF CUCULLOCOCCUS FERRIS (HEMIPTERA: COCCOIDEA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE)? The genus Lusitanococcus was established by Neves in 1954 to include arrabidensis, a new species of mealybug collected in Portugal on Erica arborea and E. lusitanica. Later, on the basis of the original illustration and description, some workers considered that Lusitanococcus was a subjective synonym of Cucullococcus Ferris, 1941, while others considered it a valid genus. Specimens were collected in the topotypic locality in Portugal off the same species of host plant and compared with the type specimens of Lusitanococcus arrabidensis Neves and with C. vaccinii Ferris, the type species of Cucullococcus. From this study, we have concluded that: (i) the genus Lusitanococcus is a junior subjective synonym of Cucullococcus, and that (ii) arrabidensis is a valid species. Some points with regard to generic characters of Cucullococcus are discussed. Key words: Portugal, Spain, California, generic description, morphology, type, Erica, Vaccinium