39 research outputs found
Creation and counting of defects in a temperature quenched Bose-Einstein Condensate
We study the spontaneous formation of defects in the order parameter of a
trapped ultracold bosonic gas while crossing the critical temperature for
Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) at different rates. The system has the shape
of an elongated ellipsoid, whose transverse width can be varied to explore
dimensionality effects. For slow enough temperature quenches we find a
power-law scaling of the average defect number with the quench rate, as
predicted by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. A breakdown of such a scaling is found
for fast quenches, leading to a saturation of the average defect number. We
suggest an explanation for this saturation in terms of the mutual interactions
among defects.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure
Observation of Solitonic Vortices in Bose-Einstein Condensates
We observe solitonic vortices in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate after
free expansion. Clear signatures of the nature of such defects are the twisted
planar density depletion around the vortex line, observed in absorption images,
and the double dislocation in the interference pattern obtained through
homodyne techniques. Both methods allow us to determine the sign of the
quantized circulation. Experimental observations agree with numerical
simulations. These solitonic vortices are the decay product of phase defects of
the BEC order parameter spontaneously created after a rapid quench across the
BEC transition in a cigar-shaped harmonic trap and are shown to have a very
long lifetime.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure
Solitonic Vortices in Bose-Einstein Condensates
We analyse, theoretically and experimentally, the nature of solitonic
vortices (SV) in an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate. In the experiment, such
defects are created via the Kibble-Zurek mechanism, when the temperature of a
gas of sodium atoms is quenched across the BEC transition, and are imaged after
a free expansion of the condensate. By using the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we
calculate the in-trap density and phase distributions characterizing a SV in
the crossover from an elongate quasi-1D to a bulk 3D regime. The simulations
show that the free expansion strongly amplifies the key features of a SV and
produces a remarkable twist of the solitonic plane due to the quantized
vorticity associated with the defect. Good agreement is found between
simulations and experiments.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Dynamics and interaction of vortex lines in an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate
We study the real-time dynamics of vortex lines in a large elongated
Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of sodium atoms using a stroboscopic technique.
Vortices are spontaneously produced via the Kibble-Zurek mechanism in a quench
across the BEC transition and then they slowly precess keeping their
orientation perpendicular to the long axis of the trap as expected for
solitonic vortices in a highly anisotropic condensate. Good agreement with
theoretical predictions is found for the precession period as a function of the
orbit amplitude and the number of condensed atoms. In configurations with two
or more vortex lines, we see signatures of vortex-vortex interaction in the
shape and visibility of the orbits. In addition, when more than two vortices
are present, their decay is faster than the thermal decay observed for one or
two vortices. The possible role of vortex reconnection processes is discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure