AFLP molecular characterizations of some Saccobolus species (Ascomycota, Pezizales)

Amplified restriction fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) were used to assess the genetic diversity among species and isolates of the genus Saccobolus. Monosporic strains of five Saccobolus species were used throughout. The dendrogram obtained from the analysis of grouping (UPGMA) showed four groups of species. The ordination of isolates through the principal coordinates method exhibited nearly the same relations between isolates as the phenogram. Analysis of six samples identified as Saccobolus versicolor using morphological characters indicated the same diagnostic fingerprints as S. verrucisporus with the primer combinations tested. The isolates identified as S. versicolor may represent an intraspecific variant of S. verrucisporus. The results support the use of AFLP markers to delimit Saccobolus species. This methodology constitutes an additional tool to study the taxonomy of the genus, which has previously used only morphological characters.Fil: Ramos, Araceli Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Micología y Botánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Micología y Botánica; ArgentinaFil: Cinto, Isabel Esther. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Micología y Botánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Micología y Botánica; ArgentinaFil: Tadic, Luis Franco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Ranalli, Maria Esther. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Micología y Botánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Micología y Botánica; Argentin

Vergleich des Rendite-Risiko-Profils der Bio- und ÖLNProduktion von Äpfeln in der Schweiz

Due to higher prices in the organic compared to the certified integrated apple production, fruit growers are more and more interested in the conversion from integrated to organic production. With the return-risk profile based on Mouron (2001a) it is possible to identify the return and risks with economic indicators from the full cost account and the cash flow statement. Therefore, the return-risk profile serves as a basis for decision- making for producers concerning an evaluation to convert to organic. The return of the organic apple production is about 7% better than the certified integrated production. The risk of the organic production is higher because of the difficulty of braeking the alternanz and loss due to insect pests and diseases. The organic grower has higher income but more risk. The certified integrated grower has lower income but less risk

Polarization Models for Rayleigh Scattering Planetary Atmospheres

We present Monte Carlo simulations for the polarization of light reflected from planetary atmospheres. We investigate dependencies of intensity and polarization on three main parameters: single scattering albedo, optical depth of a scattering layer, and albedo of a Lambert surface underneath. The main scattering process considered is Rayleigh scattering, but isotropic scattering and enhanced forward scattering on haze particles are also investigated. We discuss disk integrated results for all phase angles and radial profiles of the limb polarization at opposition. These results are useful to interpret available limb polarization measurements of solar system planets and to predict the polarization of extra-solar planets as a preparation for VLT/SPHERE. Most favorable for a detection are planets with an optically thick Rayleigh-scattering layer. The limb polarization of Uranus and Neptune is especially sensitive to the vertically stratified methane mixing ratio. From limb polarization measurements constraints on the polarization at large phase angles can be se

Reduction of polarimetric data using Mueller calculus applied to Nasmyth instruments

We present a method based on Mueller calculus to calibrate linear polarimetric observations. The key advantages of the proposed way of calibration are: (1) that it can be implemented in a data reduction pipeline, (2) that it is possible to do accurate polarimetry also for telescopes/instruments with polarimetric non-friendly architecture (e.g. Nasmyth instruments) and (3) that the proposed strategy is much less time consuming than standard calibration procedures. The telescope/instrument will polarimetrically be described by a train of Mueller matrices. The components of these matrices are dependent on wavelength, incident angle of the incoming light and surface properties.Comment: 2 figure

Active learning in a simulation experience

La formación universitaria ha iniciado una transición a nivel global. La incorporación de las tecnologías digitales en los tiempos de confinamiento ha cambiado los debates en torno a los modelos educativos que siguen en un torbellino de cambios. Asegurar la continuidad de las actividades académicas ha resignificado las posturas en torno a la innovación pedagógica, los métodos de enseñanza-aprendizaje y la integración de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC). El texto plantea la propuesta que combina el aprendizaje activo, la colaboración interdisciplinaria y el uso de simuladores de gestión para lograr un mayor involucramiento de alumnos y docentes que genere sentido y significado en la experiencia educativa, en particular en el proceso del aprendizaje. A partir de una experiencia educativa en el entorno de un taller inter trimestral, se realizó una indagación sobre la valoración de los participantes en tres dimensiones: la propuesta pedagógica, la herramienta didáctica y la resignificación de las habilidades.University education has started a transition on a global level. The incorporation of digital technologies in times of confinement has changed the debates around educational models that continue in a whirlwind of change. Ensuring the continuity of academic activities has resignified the positions around pedagogical innovation, teaching-learning methods and the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The text raises the proposal that combines active learning, interdisciplinary collaboration and the use of management simulators to achieve a greater involvement of students and teachers that generates meaning and meaning in the educational experience, particularly in the learning process. Based on an educational experience in the environment of a quarterly workshop, an inquiry was made about the evaluation of the participants in three dimensions: the pedagogical proposal, the didactic tool and the resignification of the skills

Book Review: The N Word: Who Can Say It. Who Shouldn’t. And Why

Review of The N Word: Who Can Say It. Who Shouldn’t. And Why by Jabari Asi

De la consultoría a la intervención, algunas consideraciones

Se presenta una discusión teórica que permite un acercamiento a la comprensión de la consultoría y a la intervención organizacional. El objetivo es identificar aspectos sustanciales entre los procesos de consultoría y de intervención que permitan su distinción por parte de la gestión de las organizaciones. La discusión teórica se focaliza en la comprensión de la organización desde el enfoque sistémico.A theoretical discussion that allows an approach to the understanding of organizational consulting and intervention occurs. The aim is to identify substantive issues between the processes of consulting and intervention allowing distention by the management of organizations. The theoretical discussion is focused on understanding the organization from a systems approach