Current knowledge on biology, fishing and conservation of the blue shark (Prionace glauca)

The blue shark (Prionace glauca) is a large predator in marine ecosystems, figuring as the most common and abundant species in oceanic fisheries. For this reason, many studies on this species were conducted throughout its entire distribution range. However, no comparison has been made regarding the variability of the aspects addressed herein. Thus, the present study aims at analyzing the available information on P. glauca. This species constitutes between 85 and 90% of the total elasmobranchs caught by oceanic fisheries with pelagic longlines. Growth parameters reveal that individuals in the Atlantic Ocean show the highest asymptotic lengths when compared to those found in other oceans. Females present an average uterine fecundity of 30 embryos. Although it shows a diverse diet, it is mainly composed of teleost fish and cephalopods. Currently, the main threat to the species is commercial fishing, being listed in Brazil and worldwide, according to IUCN as Near Threatened. Regardless, information on crucial aspects, such as its population dynamics, are still scarce or unreliable for many areas. Despite the number of studies regarding its distribution, abundance, and biology, data for new stock assessments of P. glauca are still needed to improve the species’ management

Total mercury in the night shark, Carcharhinus signatus in the western equatorial Atlantic Ocean

Mercury is the only element capable to biomagnificate along the food chain, and carnivorous fish tend to accumulate high concentrations of this element. Total mercury in muscle tissue of Carcharhinus signatus sampled along the western equatorial Atlantic Ocean was measured by atomic emission spectrophotometry with ICP/AES. The average total mercury concentrations were consistently greater than the maximum limit for human consumption established by the Brazilian Health Ministry for carnivorous fishes (1000 µg. kg-1 w.w.). Therefore, an average consumption of 0.1 kg/day of C. signatus would result in an average daily ingestion of 174.2 µg of Hg, more than five times the 30 µg/day intake established by the World Health Organization. In the range of lengths studied, body length could not be used as an indicator of the Hg contamination degree for C. signatus. Also, sex cannot be considered a determining factor in the total mercury accumulation in C. signatus.<br>O mercúrio (Hg) é o único metal que comprovadamente biomagnifica através da cadeia alimentar, e sendo assim, espécies de peixes predadores tendem a apresentar altas concentrações deste metal. Porções de tecido muscular de C. signatus coletados na região oeste equatorial do oceano Atlântico foram submetidas a extração ácida e tiveram a concentração de mercúrio determinada com acessório gerador de vapor a frio acoplado a um ICP-AES. A concentração média de Hg apresentou valores acima do limite máximo permissível para consumo humano estabelecido pela legislação brasileira (1000 µg.kg-1 de peso úmido). Conseqüentemente, um consumo médio de 0,1 kg.dia-1 de C. signatus resultaria numa ingestão media de 174,2 µg de Hg, mais de cinco vezes o consumo máximo de 30 µg.dia-1 estabelecido pela Organizacao Munidal da Saúde. Dentro das classes de tamanho analisadas, o comprimento total não pode ser utilizado como indicador do grau de contaminação por mercúrio em C. signatus. Ainda, o sexo não pode ser considerado um fator determinante na acumulação total de mercúrio em C. signatus