2,008 research outputs found
Historia de frontera, fronteras con historia
Libro publicado en la ColecciĂłn CHAM E-Books del Centro de Humanidades-CHAM de la Faculdade de CiĂŞncias Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisbo
The U.S.-Mexico Border Infectious Disease Surveillance Project: Establishing Binational Border Surveillance
In 1997, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Mexican Secretariat of Health, and border health officials began the development of the Border Infectious Disease Surveillance (BIDS) project, a surveillance system for infectious diseases along the U.S.-Mexico border. During a 3-year period, a binational team implemented an active, sentinel surveillance system for hepatitis and febrile exanthems at 13 clinical sites. The network developed surveillance protocols, trained nine surveillance coordinators, established serologic testing at four Mexican border laboratories, and created agreements for data sharing and notification of selected diseases and outbreaks. BIDS facilitated investigations of dengue fever in Texas-Tamaulipas and measles in California–Baja California. BIDS demonstrates that a binational effort with local, state, and federal participation can create a regional surveillance system that crosses an international border. Reducing administrative, infrastructure, and political barriers to cross-border public health collaboration will enhance the effectiveness of disease prevention projects such as BIDS
Magnetic resonance based morphometric analysis of the tentorial notch
Background: The study of the tentorial notch can improve the understanding of brain injury mechanisms. Tentorial morphology has been analyzed primarily in cadaveric studies. However, the postmortem effect can cause variability in the measurements. The objective was to evaluate the morphometry of the tentorial notch and the third cranial nerve on living subjects using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Materials and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed. Using consecutive cases, 60 MRI scans were analyzed for tentorial notch morphology. Maximum notch width (MNW), notch length (NL), interpedunculoclival (IC) distance, apicotectal (AT) distance, CN-III distance, and inter CN-III angle, were obtained. For the classification of the tentorial notch quartile distribution technique for MNW, NL, AT distance, and IC distance was used. Results: According to the quartile of the MNW, patients were stratified into narrow, midrange, and wide groups. Using the NL quartile groups, they were also classified as short, midrange, and long. With these, the tentorial notch could be classified into eight types. Statistical differences between genders in the MNW and inter CN-III angle were found, as well as a strong positive correlation between NL and AT distance, and between right and left CN-III distances. Conclusions: There were differences between the cadaveric samples and living subjects in the CN-III distances. This difference could be explained by the dehydration of brain volume in the postmortem process which may cause nerve elongation. Morphometry of the tentorial notch and its neurovascular relations allows a better understanding of the mechanisms of brain herniation
Introducción a los análisis espaciales con énfasis en modelos de nicho ecológico
En 2016 implementamos un sistema de seminarios de enseñanza, en formato de videos libres y accesibles desde internet, con la finalidad de dar a conocer de forma sencilla y en castellano, las bases conceptuales y aplicaciones de los modelos de nicho ecolĂłgico en estudios de ecologĂa, conservaciĂłn biolĂłgica, epidemiologĂa y agrobiodviersidad, asĂ como su implementaciĂłn para el diseño de polĂticas pĂşblicas de los recursos naturales. Cada seminario fue desarrollado por uno o varios expertos discutiendo conceptos, mĂ©todos y diferentes herramientas disponibles para elaborar modelos de distribuciĂłn de especies. Este manuscrito reĂşne los resĂşmenes de cada uno de los seminarios en lĂnea, dando referencias clave para cada tema y el enlace al video correspondiente. Los videos están disponibles de forma libre en YouTube o en formato .mp4 bajo solicitud
Non-productive angiogenesis disassembles AĂź plaque-associated blood vessels
The human Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain accumulates angiogenic markers but paradoxically, the cerebral microvasculature is reduced around Aß plaques. Here we demonstrate that angiogenesis is started near Aß plaques in both AD mouse models and human AD samples. However, endothelial cells express the molecular signature of non-productive angiogenesis (NPA) and accumulate, around Aß plaques, a tip cell marker and IB4 reactive vascular anomalies with reduced NOTCH activity. Notably, NPA induction by endothelial loss of presenilin, whose mutations cause familial AD and which activity has been shown to decrease with age, produced a similar vascular phenotype in the absence of Aß pathology. We also show that Aß plaque-associated NPA locally disassembles blood vessels, leaving behind vascular scars, and that microglial phagocytosis contributes to the local loss of endothelial cells. These results define the role of NPA and microglia in local blood vessel disassembly and highlight the vascular component of presenilin loss of function in AD
Growth and yield models in Spain: Historical overview, Contemporary Examples and perspectives
Calidad de las elecciones a titular del Ejecutivo en el Centro y Centro-occidente de MĂ©xico
Este libro, que tiene por objetivo analizar la calidad de las elecciones celebradas entre 2006 y 2011 para ocupar la titularidad del Poder Ejecutivo de las 14 entidades federativas de la RepĂşblica Mexicana que conforman las regiones Centro y Centro-occidente de este paĂs, ha sido elaborado por investigadores pertenecientes a la Red Nacional de InvestigaciĂłn sobre la Calidad de la Democracia en MĂ©xico (Renicadem), la cual cuenta con un equipo de investigaciĂłn en cada una de las entidades federativas del paĂs. A su vez, esta Red constituye una de las cuatro lĂneas temáticas que componen la red temática del Conacyt “Sociedad civil y calidad de la democracia”. Con todo, la presente obra puede considerarse, en dos sentidos, como el resultado parcial de estudios realizados por investigadores que conforman la mencionada Renicadem. Por un lado, trata sĂłlo de una de las varias dimensiones que esta Red ha establecido como necesarias para analizar la calidad de la democracia: la calidad electoral (otras dimensiones, que se encuentran en proceso de investigaciĂłn, son calidad de vida, rendiciĂłn de cuentas y Estado de derecho). TambiĂ©n es parcial porque no abarca la totalidad de la RepĂşblica Mexicana, sino Ăşnicamente a las 14 entidades indicadas.UAE
Regulatory sites for splicing in human basal ganglia are enriched for disease-relevant information
Genome-wide association studies have generated an increasing number of common genetic variants associated with neurological and psychiatric disease risk. An improved understanding of the genetic control of gene expression in human brain is vital considering this is the likely modus operandum for many causal variants. However, human brain sampling complexities limit the explanatory power of brain-related expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and allele-specific expression (ASE) signals. We address this, using paired genomic and transcriptomic data from putamen and substantia nigra from 117 human brains, interrogating regulation at different RNA processing stages and uncovering novel transcripts. We identify disease-relevant regulatory loci, find that splicing eQTLs are enriched for regulatory information of neuron-specific genes, that ASEs provide cell-specific regulatory information with evidence for cellular specificity, and that incomplete annotation of the brain transcriptome limits interpretation of risk loci for neuropsychiatric disease. This resource of regulatory data is accessible through our web server, http://braineacv2.inf.um.es/
Association of Candidate Gene Polymorphisms With Chronic Kidney Disease: Results of a Case-Control Analysis in the Nefrona Cohort
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Despite classical clinical risk factors for CKD and some genetic risk factors have been identified, the residual risk observed in prediction models is still high. Therefore, new risk factors need to be identified in order to better predict the risk of CKD in the population. Here, we analyzed the genetic association of 79 SNPs of proteins associated with mineral metabolism disturbances with CKD in a cohort that includes 2, 445 CKD cases and 559 controls. Genotyping was performed with matrix assisted laser desorption ionizationtime of flight mass spectrometry. We used logistic regression models considering different genetic inheritance models to assess the association of the SNPs with the prevalence of CKD, adjusting for known risk factors. Eight SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs2238135, rs1800247, rs385564, rs4236, rs2248359, and rs1564858) were associated with CKD even after adjusting by sex, age and race. A model containing five of these SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs1800247, rs4236, and rs2248359), diabetes and hypertension showed better performance than models considering only clinical risk factors, significantly increasing the area under the curve of the model without polymorphisms. Furthermore, one of the SNPs (the rs2248359) showed an interaction with hypertension, being the risk genotype affecting only hypertensive patients. We conclude that 5 SNPs related to proteins implicated in mineral metabolism disturbances (Osteopontin, osteocalcin, matrix gla protein, matrix metalloprotease 3 and 24 hydroxylase) are associated to an increased risk of suffering CKD
- …