A importância da experimentação no ensino de Química sobre a ótica dos alunos

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WATER DEMAND AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN ‘PALMER’ MANGO CULTIVATION IN THE LOW-MIDDLE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY

ABSTRACT The study aimed to determine the evapotranspiration (ETc) of the mango cv. ‘Palmer’ over two productive cycles, analyzing water-use efficiency (WUE) and crop water productivity (CWP) to propose average crop coefficient (Kc) values for improving irrigation management under cultivation conditions in the Low-Middle São Francisco Valley. The study was conducted from July 2019 to May 2021 in a commercial ‘Palmer’ mango orchard in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Micrometeorological data was collected throughout the experimental period. The crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was determined using Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB), and then the Kc, WUE, and CWP were determined. The highest ETc values occurred during the floral induction phase (5.14 ± 0.85 mm day-1), with a Kc of 0.85; however, the lowest values were observed during the fruit maturation phase (3.60 ± 0.73 mm day-1), with a Kc of 0.91. Average water consumption per cycle was 1445 mm, with a daily average of 4.39 mm day-1. WUE and CWP were 16.9 and 24.5 kg ha-1 mm-1, respectively. Average Kc values of 0.81, 0.76, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, and 0.91 are recommended for the vegetative growth, rest period and shoot maturation, floral induction, flowering, fruit development, and fruit maturation phases, respectively

Self-Organizing Maps of Molecular Descriptors for Sesquiterpene Lactones and Their Application to the Chemotaxonomy of the Asteraceae Family

The Asteraceae, one of the largest families among angiosperms, is chemically characterised by the production of sesquiterpene lactones (SLs). A total of 1,111 SLs, which were extracted from 658 species, 161 genera, 63 subtribes and 15 tribes of Asteraceae, were represented and registered in two dimensions in the SISTEMATX, an in-house software system, and were associated with their botanical sources. The respective 11 block of descriptors: Constitutional, Functional groups, BCUT, Atom-centred, 2D autocorrelations, Topological, Geometrical, RDF, 3D-MoRSE, GETAWAY and WHIM were used as input data to separate the botanical occurrences through self-organising maps. Maps that were generated with each descriptor divided the Asteraceae tribes, with total index values between 66.7% and 83.6%. The analysis of the results shows evident similarities among the Heliantheae, Helenieae and Eupatorieae tribes as well as between the Anthemideae and Inuleae tribes. Those observations are in agreement with systematic classifications that were proposed by Bremer, which use mainly morphological and molecular data, therefore chemical markers partially corroborate with these classifications. The results demonstrate that the atom-centred and RDF descriptors can be used as a tool for taxonomic classification in low hierarchical levels, such as tribes. Descriptors obtained through fragments or by the two-dimensional representation of the SL structures were sufficient to obtain significant results, and better results were not achieved by using descriptors derived from three-dimensional representations of SLs. Such models based on physico-chemical properties can project new design SLs, similar structures from literature or even unreported structures in two-dimensional chemical space. Therefore, the generated SOMs can predict the most probable tribe where a biologically active molecule can be found according Bremer classification.CNPqCNPqUEPBUEP

Key comparison CCQM-K73 amount content of H+ in hydrochloric acid (0.1 mol·kg-1)

This key comparison (KC), CCQM-K73, was performed to demonstrate the capability of the participating National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) to measure the amount content of H+ , νH + , in an HCl solution with a nominal νH + of 0.1 mol·kg-1 . A parallel Pilot Study, CCQM-P19.2, was performed for NMIs that did not desire to participate in the KC. The comparison was a joint activity of the Electrochemical Working Group (EAWG) and Inorganic Analysis Working Group (IAWG) of the CCQM and was coordinated by NIST (USA) and CENAM (México). The method of determination of νH + was left to the individual participant. All participants used either coulometry or titrimetry with potentiometric determination of the endpoint. The agreement of the results was not commensurate with the claimed uncertainties of the subset of participants that claimed small uncertainties for this determination. A workshop on technical issues relating to the CCQM-K73 measurements was conducted at the joint IAWGEAWG meeting at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Paris (Sèvres) in April 2010. Several possible sources of bias were investigated, but none could explain the observed dispersion among the participants’ results. In the absence of a specific cause for the dispersion, the IAWG and EAWG decided to assign a Key Comparison Reference Value, KCRV, and standard uncertainty of the KCRV, uKCRV, based on the DerSimonian-Laird statistical estimator. The uKCRV is dominated by the between-laboratory scatter of results in CCQM-K73. The uncertainty estimates from the participants with the lowest reported uncertainties remain unsupported by this KC.Fil: Pratt, Kenneth W. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Estados UnidosFil: Ortiz-Aparicio, Jose Luis. Centro Nacional de Metrología (CENAM); MéxicoFil: Matehuala-Sanchez, Francisco Javier. Centro Nacional de Metrología (CENAM); MéxicoFil: Jakobsen, Pia Tønnes. Dansk Fundamental Metrology (DFM); DinamarcaFil: Pawlina, Monika. Główny Urząd Miar (GUM); PoloniaFil: Kozłowski, Władysław. Główny Urząd Miar (GUM); PoloniaFil: Borges, Paulo P. Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMetro); BrasilFil: da Silva Junior, Wiler B. Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMetro); BrasilFil: Borinsky, Mónica B. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI); ArgentinaFil: Hernandez, Ana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI); ArgentinaFil: Puelles, Mabel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI); ArgentinaFil: Hatamleh, Nadia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI); ArgentinaFil: Acosta, Osvaldo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI); ArgentinaFil: Nunes, João. Instituto Português da Qualidade (IPQ); PortugalFil: Guiomar Lito, M. J. Instituto Português da Qualidade (IPQ); PortugalFil: Camões, M. Filomena. Instituto Português da Qualidade (IPQ); PortugalFil: Filipe, Eduarda. Instituto Português da Qualidade (IPQ); PortugalFil: Hwang, Euijin. Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS); Corea del SurFil: Lim, Youngran. Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS); Corea del SurFil: Bing, Wu. National Institute of Metrology (NIM); ChinaFil: Qian, Wang. National Institute of Metrology (NIM); ChinaFil: Chao, Wei. National Institute of Metrology (NIM); ChinaFil: Hioki, Akiharu. National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ); JapónFil: Asakai, Toshiaki. National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ); JapónFil: Máriássy, Michal. Slovenský Metrologický Ústav (SMU); EslovaquiaFil: Hanková, Zuzana. Slovenský Metrologický Ústav (SMU); EslovaquiaFil: Nagibin, Sergey. Ukrainian State Research and Production Center of Standardization Metrology, Certification, and Consumers’ Rights Protection (UMTS); UcraniaFil: Manska, Olexandra. Ukrainian State Research and Production Center of Standardization Metrology, Certification, and Consumers’ Rights Protection (UMTS); UcraniaFil: Gavrilkin, Vladimir. Ukrainian State Research and Production Center of Standardization Metrology, Certification, and Consumers’ Rights Protection (UMTS); UcraniaFil: Kutovoy, Viatcheslav. All-Russian Scientific Institute for Physical-Technical and Radiological Measurements (VNIIFTRI); Rusi

Cartografia e diplomacia: usos geopolíticos da informação toponímica (1750-1850)

O artigo explora dimensões geopolíticas da toponímia, registradas em documentos cartográficos, desde as reformas empreendidas pelo consulado pombalino em meados do século XVIII, até às primeiras décadas do século XIX, em meio ao processo de afirmação do Estado imperial pós-colonial.This paper explores the geopolitical dimensions of toponymy as registered in cartographic documents dating from the reforms pushed through by the consulate of Marquis of Pombal in the mid 18th century to the early decades of the 19th century, as the post-colonial imperial State established itself

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio