Determining the Selectivity of Herbicides and Assessing Their Effect on Plant Roots - A Case Study with Indaziflam and Glyphosate Herbicides

This chapter explores the general aspects of herbicide selectivity on plants, describing the various aspects of the topic, especially the action of herbicides on root crops and presenting a case study with the suggestion of a methodology to evaluate herbicide action on roots in perennial culture and thus determine their selectivity. This study was carried out under field conditions, over a period of four years, where the effect of indaziflam and glyphosate herbicides on roots of Coffee and Citrus plants was evaluated. The results demonstrate that the methodology used to assess the effect of herbicides on the roots was important to validate and qualify safe herbicide selectivity towards crops. Thus, this analysis should be indicated as a routine method for studies to assess the selectivity of herbicides to crops

Banco de sementes do solo após aplicação de herbicidas pré-emergentes durante quatro safras de cana-de-açúcar

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the pre-emergent herbicides indaziflam, indaziflam+metribuzin, and diuron+hexazinone on the soil seed bank of a sugarcane crop, during four consecutive harvests. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates in a split plot. Treatments consisted of doses of the following herbicides: indaziflam, 75, 100, and 150 g a.i. ha-1; indaziflam+metribuzin, 75 + 960 g a.i. ha-1; and diuron+hexazinone, 936 + 264 g a.i. ha-1; besides a clean area, used as a reference. The soil seed bank was analyzed in the 0.00‒0.10 and 0.10‒0.20-m soil layers. Emerged seedlings were counted and identified, and absolute and relative density, frequency and abundance, as well as the importance value index, were calculated. In the treatments 100 and 150 g a.i. ha-1 indaziflam, there was a greater reduction in the total seed bank and in the importance value index of species of Poaceae and Asteraceae. The total seed bank, in the 0.10‒0.20-m layer, and that of the species Portulaca oleracea, in both evaluated layers, are not affected by the herbicides. The use of pre-emergent herbicides during four consecutive harvests decreases the soil seed bank in the 0.00‒0.10-m layer under a sugarcane crop.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos herbicidas pré-emergentes indaziflam, indaziflam+metribuzim e diuron+hexazinone sobre o banco de sementes do solo de lavoura de cana‑de‑açúcar, durante quatro safras consecutivas. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em parcelas subdivididas. Os tratamentos consistiram de doses dos seguintes herbicidas: indaziflam, 75, 100 e 150 g i.a. ha-1; indaziflam+metribuzim, 75 + 960 g i.a. ha-1; e diuron+hexazinone, 936 + 264 g i.a. ha-1; além de área capinada, como testemunha. O banco de sementes foi analisado nas camadas do solo de 0,00–0,10 e 0,10‒0,20 m. Realizaram-se a contagem e a identificação de plântulas emergidas, e calcularam-se a densidade, a frequência e a abundância absolutas e relativas, bem como o índice de valor de importância. Nos tratamentos 100 e 150 g i.a. ha-1 de indaziflam, houve maior redução do banco de sementes total e do índice de valor de importância das espécies de Poaceae e Asteraceae. O banco de sementes total, na camada de 0,10‒0,20 m, e o da espécie Portulaca oleracea, nas duas camadas avaliadas, não são influenciados pelos herbicidas. O uso dos herbicidas pré-emergentes, durante quatro safras consecutivas, reduz o banco de sementes do solo na camada de 0,0‒0,10 m, em lavoura de cana-de-açúcar