Choix de véhicules et demande de kilométrage : une approche microéconométrique

Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2004-2005Cette étude utilise un modèle microéconométrique de la classe discret-continu pour étudier le choix et l’usage du parc de véhicules privés québecois. Le modèle de choix est estimé à l’aide d’un logit mixte et l’ensemble de choix est constitué de chacun des modèles de véhicules présent dans la banque de données, soit un total de 230 modèles. Une correction qui généralise celle d’Heckman pour chacun des éléments de l’ensemble de choix est intégrée à l’équation d’usage, elle-même estimée par la méthode des moindres carrés ordinaires. Les données utilisées proviennent de l’Enquête sur le kilométrage des conducteurs et conductrices du Québec effectuée par la Société de l’assurance automobile du Québec en 1996-97. Les résultats de différentes simulations indiquent une grande sensibilité de la composition du parc de véhicules à l’âge des conducteurs. Le sexe, le lieu d’habitation et l’âge sont parmi les principaux facteurs qui influencent l’utilisation.A discrete/continuous choice model is used to analyze the ownership of private motor vehicles and their use in Quebec. The estimation of the discrete choice model is based on the Mixed Logit specification and each of the 224 different vehicle models appears as specific element of the choice set. A generalization of Heckman’s correction term is incorporated in the vehicle use equation for each alternative. The data come from a special survey conducted by the Société de l’assurance automobile du Québec in 1996-1997. The empirical results show that car choice is highly related to driver’s age and fuel consumption. Prices of car do not affect the probability of owning most of vehicle classes, including SUV. Gender, household location, age, and fuel price are among the main determinants of car use

Tolerability, Efficacy, and Safety of Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin in Combination with Carboplatin Versus Gemcitabine–Carboplatin for the Treatment of Platinum-Sensitive Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review

A review of the literature was used to compare the tolerability, efficacy, and safety profiles of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in combination with carboplatin with those of gemcitabine–carboplatin for the treatment of patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer

Observational study of characteristics and clinical outcomes of Dutch patients with tuberous sclerosis complex and renal angiomyolipoma treated with everolimus.

OBJECTIVE:To compare kidney size (used as proxy for total renal angiomyolipoma [rAML] size) and kidney function outcomes between patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and rAML treated and not treated with everolimus. METHODS:Medical charts of adults with TSC-associated rAML followed at a specialty medical center in the Netherlands (1990-2015). Included patients treated with everolimus (n = 33, of which 27 were included in the kidney size analyses and 27 in the kidney function analyses [21 patients in both]; index date = everolimus initiation) and non-treated patients (n = 39, of which 29 were included in the kidney size analyses and 33 in the kidney function analyses [23 patients in both]; index date = one date among all dates with outcome measurement).Percent change in kidney size and kidney function from the index date to the best measurement in the two years post-index date (best response) compared between patients treated and not treated with everolimus. RESULTS:Compared with non-treated patients, significantly more everolimus-treated patients experienced a reduction in the size of their largest kidney in the two years post-index date (85.2% vs. 37.9%, p < 0.01). Also, there was a tendency towards more improvement in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among the everolimus-treated patients (55.6% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS:The study results suggest that everolimus is effective in controlling and even reversing the growth of the kidneys, used as a proxy for rAML size, as well as preserving or improving kidney function in patients with TSC and rAML treated in a real-world, observational setting

Assessment of the real-world safety profile of vedolizumab using the United States Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system.

Vedolizumab is the first gut-selective integrin blocker indicated for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aimed to examine the adverse events (AEs) profile of vedolizumab compared to anti-tumor necrosis factors (anti-TNFs) indicated for CD and UC using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. AE reports with vedolizumab (5/20/2014-6/30/2015) and CD/UC-indicated anti-TNF drugs (adalimumab, infliximab, certolizumab pegol, and golimumab, during 8/1/1998-6/30/2015) as primary suspects were extracted from the FAERS database. AEs associated with vedolizumab were compared for signals of disproportionate reporting against anti-TNF drugs and all other drugs (1969-6/30/2015), using the proportional reporting ratio (PRR) and the empirical Bayesian geometric mean (EBGM) algorithms. The search retrieved 499 reports for vedolizumab and 119,620 reports for anti-TNFs, with 35.9% and 32.1% of these, respectively, being serious AEs. With the PRR approach, vedolizumab-associated reports had signals for 22 groups of AEs (9 were associated with serious outcomes) relative to anti-TNFs and had 34 signals relative to all other drugs. Signals detected included those reported as warnings in prescribing information and new AEs related to cardiovascular disease. Due to the voluntary nature of FAERS, this finding should be considered hypothesis generating (rather than hypothesis testing). Longer-term observational studies are required to evaluate the safety of vedolizumab

Fracture risk in women with osteoporosis initiated on gastro-resistant risedronate versus immediate release risedronate or alendronate: A claims data analysis in the USA

Summary: The study results indicate that women with osteoporosis initiated on gastro-resistant risedronate have a lower risk of fracture than those initiated on immediate release risedronate or alendronate. A large proportion of women discontinued all oral bisphosphonate therapies within 1 year of treatment start. Purpose: Using a US claims database (2009–2019), we compared risk of fractures between women with osteoporosis initiated on gastro-resistant (GR) risedronate and those initiated on (a) immediate release (IR) risedronate or (b) immediate release alendronate. Methods: Women aged ≥ 60 years with osteoporosis who had ≥ 2 oral bisphosphonate prescription fills were followed for ≥ 1 year after the first observed bisphosphonates dispensing (index date). Fracture risk was compared between the GR risedronate and IR risedronate/alendronate cohorts using adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs), both overall and in subgroups with high fracture risk due to older age or comorbidity/medications. Site-specific fractures were identified based on diagnosis codes recorded on medical claims using a claims-based algorithm. Persistence on bisphosphonate therapy was evaluated for all groups. Results: aIRRs generally indicated lower fracture risk for GR risedronate than IR risedronate and alendronate. When comparing GR risedronate to IR risedronate, statistically significant aIRRs (p\u3c0.05) were observed for pelvic fractures in the full cohorts (aIRRs=0.37), for any fracture and pelvic fractures among women aged≥65 years (aIRRs=0.63 and 0.41), for any fracture and pelvic fractures among women aged≥70 years (aIRRs=0.69 and 0.24), and for pelvic fracture among high-risk women due to comorbidity/medications (aIRR=0.34). When comparing GR risedronate to alendronate, statistically signifcant aIRRs were observed for pelvic fractures in the full cohorts (aIRR=0.54), for any fracture and wrist/arm fractures among women aged≥65 years (aIRRs=0.73 and 0.63), and for any fracture, pelvic, and wrist/arm fractures among women aged≥70 years (aIRRs=0.72, 0.36, and 0.58). In all cohorts, ~40% completely discontinued oral bisphosphonates within 1 year. Conclusions Discontinuation rates of oral bisphosphonate therapy were high. However, women initiated on GR risedronate had a signifcantly lower risk of fracture for several skeletal sites than women initiated on IR risedronate/alendronate, particularly those aged≥70 years.\u3e \u3c 0.05) were observed for pelvic fractures in the full cohorts (aIRRs=0.37), for any fracture and pelvic fractures among women aged ≥ 65 years (aIRRs=0.63 and 0.41), for any fracture and pelvic fractures among women aged ≥ 70 years (aIRRs=0.69 and 0.24), and for pelvic fracture among high-risk women due to comorbidity/medications (aIRR=0.34). When comparing GR risedronate to alendronate, statistically significant aIRRs were observed for pelvic fractures in the full cohorts (aIRR=0.54), for any fracture and wrist/arm fractures among women aged ≥ 65 years (aIRRs=0.73 and 0.63), and for any fracture, pelvic, and wrist/arm fractures among women aged ≥ 70 years (aIRRs=0.72, 0.36, and 0.58). In all cohorts, ~40% completely discontinued oral bisphosphonates within 1 year. Conclusions: Discontinuation rates of oral bisphosphonate therapy were high. However, women initiated on GR risedronate had a significantly lower risk of fracture for several skeletal sites than women initiated on IR risedronate/alendronate, particularly those aged ≥ 70 years