6,153 research outputs found

    Chalk streams and grazing mute swans

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    The evidence shows that swan grazing can reduce plant abundance, prevent flowering, reduce water depth and reduce fishery value. However, these effects seem to be limited to a small number of sites on larger chalk streams. The results of attempted management have been disappointing, and we currently have no simple effective means of preventing grazing damage. However, our understanding of the effects of swans on the chalk stream ecosystem has been growing rapidly, which gives us hope for future solutions. In particular, combining strategies which improve river condition and move swans away from sensitive areas could offer a way of managing grazing effects

    Adam Smith and the theory of punishment

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    A distinctive theory of punishment plays a central role in Smith's moral and legal theory. According to this theory, we regard the punishment of a crime as deserved only to the extent that an impartial spectator would go along with the actual or supposed resentment of the victim. The first part of this paper argues that Smith's theory deserves serious consideration and relates it to other theories such as utilitarianism and more orthodox forms of retributivism. The second part considers the objection that, because Smith's theory implies that punishment is justified only when there is some person or persons who is the victim of the crime, it cannot explain the many cases where punishment is imposed purely for the public good. It is argued that Smith's theory could be extended to cover such cases. The third part defends Smith's theory against the objection that, because it relies on our natural feelings, it cannot provide an adequate moral justification of punishment

    Model of errors and irregularities as a general framework for risk-based audit planning

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    https://egrove.olemiss.edu/dl_proceedings/1105/thumbnail.jp

    Linking People, Purpose, and Place: An Ecological Approach to Agriculture

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    Linking Ecology and Agriculture I Whole Farm Planning 27 Soil Quality 49 Agroforestry 81 Grazing Systems 107 Weed and Insect Management 149 Farmer Groups 179 Farmland Conversion 203 Resources and Information Sources 23

    Effective anisotropies and energy barriers of magnetic nanoparticles with Néel surface anisotropy

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    Magnetic nanoparticles with Néel surface anisotropy, different internal structures, surface arrangements, and elongation are modeled as many-spin systems. The results suggest that the energy of many-spin nanoparticles cut from cubic lattices can be represented by an effective one-spin potential containing uniaxial and cubic anisotropies. It is shown that the values and signs of the corresponding constants depend strongly on the particle's surface arrangement, internal structure, and shape. Particles cut from a simple cubic lattice have the opposite sign of the effective cubic term, as compared to particles cut from the face-centered cubic lattice. Furthermore, other remarkable phenomena are observed in nanoparticles with relatively strong surface effects. (i) In elongated particles surface effects can change the sign of the uniaxial anisotropy. (ii) In symmetric particles (spherical and truncated octahedral) with cubic core anisotropy surface effects can change the sing of the latter. We also show that the competition between the core and surface anisotropies leads to a new energy that contributes to both the second- and fourth-order effective anisotropies. We evaluate energy barriers ΔE as functions of the strength of the surface anisotropy and the particle size. The results are analyzed with the help of the effective one-spin potential, which allows us to assess the consistency of the widely used formula ΔE/V= K∞ +6 Ks /D, where K∞ is the core anisotropy constant, Ks is a phenomenological constant related to surface anisotropy, and D is the particle's diameter. We show that the energy barriers are consistent with this formula only for elongated particles for which the surface contribution to the effective uniaxial anisotropy scales with the surface and is linear in the constant of the Néel surface anisotropy. © 2007 The American Physical Society

    Carol L. Sherman, The Family Crucible in Eighteenth-Century Literature

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    L’évolution des droits de l’individu qui marque l’époque des Lumières se fait sentir aussi dans le monde de la famille, où la hiérarchie paternelle, appuyée par l’état monarchique, commence graduellement à fléchir. Le processus est inégal, et sa représentation littéraire ne se trouve pas toujours dans les œuvres les plus connues, mais une poignée de textes commencent à représenter des rapports familiaux basés sur la coopération et l’appui mutuel, à la place de l’autoritarisme, parfois violent..

    Aurora Wolfgang; Gender and Voice in the French Novel, 1730-1782

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    Le but de cette étude, que nous présentons avec un retard dont nous nous excusons, est de montrer comment, à l’époque en question, les femmes utilisent la narration à la première personne pour cultiver un style naturel qui fait contraste avec les genres formels préférés par les hommes. Les romancières réussissent à imposer un mode d’écriture, basé sur le discours de la sociabilité et le pouvoir révélateur de la voix féminine spontanée, qui trouvera des adhérents même parmi les romanciers. Dan..

    The enterprise of Enlightenment. A tribute to David Wlliams from his friends. Edited by Terry Pratt and David McCalln

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    Conçu pour saluer la retraite d’un des dix-huitiémistes les plus respectés de la Grande Bretagne, ce volume réunit une belle vingtaine d’études groupées autour des principales préoccupations de son destinataire. Des quatre parties dont il est composé, la première s’occupe de la critique littéraire. Michael Cardy (The abbé Du Bos reads Addison in «The Spectator», pp. 19-32) examine l’usage que du critique anglais fait cet esthéticien toujours insuffisamment connu, surtout dans le débat sur l’o..

    Perception of Constructivist Learning Environment: Gender and School Type Differences in Siaya County, Kenya

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    Aims: The study aimed at investigating gender and school type differences in perception of Biology constructivist learning environment. Study Design: The study adopted a survey design. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Siaya County in Kenya between October and November 2013 during the school term. Methodology: The study sampled 815 grade 12 students (466 boys, 349 girls, 399 high achieving students and 416 low achieving students). Two instruments were used viz. Learners Perception Questionnaire (LPQ) and Learners Interview Guide (LIG). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, two-way MANOVA and two-way ANOVA. The qualitative data were used to explain quantitative data. Results: The findings show that there existed statistically significant difference in perception between the low achieving schools and high achieving schools in favor of the low achieving schools in all the subscales of SPQ (p =.00) and statistically significant gender (Hotelling’s trace = .131, F = 21.19, p = .000) and school type (Hotelling’s trace = .269, F = 43.48, p = .000) differences with respect to the collective dimensions of the SPQ. The results also revealed that there was an interaction between gender and school type and vice versa with respect to collective dimensions of the SPQ (Hotelling’s trace = .176, F = 23.40, p = .000). Conclusion: It is concluded that low achieving schools have higher preference for a constructivist learning environment than high achieving schools and there exists gender and school type differences in perception of constructivist learning environment in favor of girls and low achieving schools respectively. The implications of the findings are discussed
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