Educating Students with Disabilities in Alternative Schools: Challenges and Opportunities for School Leaders

The purpose of this paper is to explore the challenges that arise when students with disabilities are educated in alternative schools. Studies will be reviewed and analyzed to identify common themes. A discussion of the themes will be presented along with current trends. The paper will conclude with implications and opportunities for educational leaders in the field of alternative education

An Evaluation of a Central Virginia Alternative School : Do Students Benefit From Their Experience?

The purpose of this study was to determine if students benefited from attending a Central Virginia alternative school, defined as a remedial alternative school which scaffolds students both socially and academically so they may return to their base school. Twelve students took part in the study that examined the academic indicators of grade point average, attendance, and number of disciplinary infractions as well as students’ perceptions of their experiences. The difference in trust levels was minimal, but students had accurate perceptions of how their grades, attendance, and discipline had changed while attending the alternative school. The study revealed three areas that need to be addressed by the school division in the future: struggles with online coursework presented at the school, lack of social interaction, and exposure to additional strategies from disciplinary referrals, such as dealing with anger and substance abuse

Some aspects of electron–phonon interaction in the thermal modulation spectra of molecular crystals

The details of the temperature dependent intensity and linewidth of zero‐phonon bands in molecular crystal absorption and emission spectra are considered in relation to the line shape functions observed in thermal modulation spectra. Theory suggests and experiment confirms that in the limit of the Condon and adiabatic approximations for linear electron–phonon coupling, the extraordinary temperature dependence of zero‐phonon bands may be utilized to separate them from diffuse background absorption or emission. Qualitative consideration of line broadening from quadratic electron–phonon coupling utilizing a configuration coordinate model suggests that even when these terms dominate the linear interaction, increased resolution may be obtained in a thermal modulation spectrum. The theoretical considerations are illustrated with several experimental examples and some applications of the technique are discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70661/2/JCPSA6-65-12-5068-1.pd

An optically detected magnetic resonance study of Mn4+ in Cs2GeF6 and K2GeF6

The photoexcitation and photoluminescence spectra (2E 4A2) of MnF62- diluted in Cs2GeF6 and K2GeF6 host lattices have been recorded at liquid helium temperature. The manganese coordination geometry is Oh in Cs2GeF6 and D3d in K2GeF6. Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) has been employed to determine the g value of the 2E state in both coordination geometries. The trigonal distortion has a pronounced effect on the g value and produces a measurable splitting in the optical spectrum, but exerts relatively little effect on the radiative lifetime. The g value in the Oh site (g(2E) = 2.0) is as predicted theoretically; however, the value obtained for the D3d site is unexpectedly large (g(2) = 2.95). The data obtained are compared with theoretical predictions and the results of similar studies of d3 ions in a variety of lattices. The differences are shown to arise, in part, from the relative magnitude of the spin-orbit coupling and the trigonal field splitting.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/27067/1/0000057.pd

The ground state fundamentals of p-benzoquinone and p-benzoquinone-d4

The solid state infrared and Raman spectra of p-benzoquinone and several isotopic derivatives are reported and compared with the results of previous solution and vapor phase studies and with the results of previously published normal coordinate analyses. The vibrational assignments are discussed in terms of the vibronic activity observed in the phosphorescence spectra of the individual isotopically related quinones in several host lattices at 2[deg]K. The infrared and Raman inactive fundamentals of p-benzoquinone-h4 obtained from vibronic analyses of the vapor phase resonance fluorescence are reported. The six Raman active lattice modes of p-benzoquinone-h4 and -d4 are assigned with the aid of isotope shifts and thermal-anisotropic-motion amplitudes from previously published X-ray diffraction data.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22430/1/0000880.pd

Assignments of the n[pi]* singlet states of p-benzoquinone

The vapor phase fluorescence spectra of p-benzoquinone-h4 and d4 are reported and discussed in relation to the assignment of the low lying singlet states. The low temperature, polarized single crystal electronic absorption spectra of p-benzoquinone and several of its isotopic derivatives are reported. From the isotope shifts and band polarizations of the various vibronic origins, a detailed vibronic analysis is offered of the electronic absorption spectrum of p-benzoquinone which indicates a near degeneracy of the 1Au and 1B1g electronic states.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22434/1/0000885.pd

An Investigation Of The Effect Of Network Latency On Pedagogic Efficacy: A Comparison Of Disciplines

E-learning has become a mainstream educational opportunity, as noted in U.S. News & World Report.  Further, differences among college students have been documented in various disciplines.  An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of network latency on pedagogical efficacy based on the students who were classified as in either humanities programs or engineering and science programs.  The findings indicate that tolerances to screen update latencies are discipline-dependent and that students in engineering and science have a lower tolerance for screen update latency than students in the humanities

Investigations of Mn(pyr)(aq)+2 and pyridine intercalated Cd2P2S6 lattices: mechanism of intercalation and perturbation of the host lattice

The lamellar transition metal Chalocogeno-Phosphates (M2P2S6) form an important family of two-dimensional semiconducting materials. The lamellar structure is formed by stacking S-M-(P-P)-S units along a unique crystallographic axis. Under appropriate conditions, guest species can enter the space between the layers to form intercalation compounds. Two main mechanisms are presently proposed for the intercalation reaction: electron transfer from guest to host lattice and cation exchange between cationic intercalated species and lattice metal ions. Both mechanisms create structural and electronic perturbations which often result in a dramatic modification of the chemical and physical properties of the host lattice.This paper describes the experimental evidence for the mechanisms of intercalation and creation of perturbation in the host lattices. Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy has revealed cation migration between inter- and intralamellar cationic sites, supporting the cation exchange mechanism for the intercalation of solvated cationic species. Photoluminescence studies of Lewis base molecules intercalated into M2P2S6 have shown a broadening of the conduction band due to the insertion of defects level near the band edges. Complementary measurements utilizing Optically detected Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of a strongly coupled donor-acceptor pair created upon intercalation via charge transfer mechanism.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28973/1/0000810.pd

An ESR and X-ray diffraction study of a first-order phase transition in CdPS3

The ESR spectra of Mn+2 doped single crystals of CdPS3 indicate a first-order phase transition (monoclinic to orthorhombic) at ca. 260 K. This is confirmed directly by an X-ray diffraction examination of the doped and undoped crystals at various temperatures.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25398/1/0000847.pd

Analysis of the ESR spectrum of manganese (II) in the layered compound Cd2P2Se6

The Q-band and X-band ESR spectra of Mn2+ in the layered compound Cd2P2Se6 are reported. The Mn2+ is in a trigonal environment coordinated to six selenium atoms. The parameters of the spin hamiltonian have been determined and reasonable agreement is obtained between theory and experiment with g| = 2.01, g[perpendicular] = 2.05, |D| = 0.286 cm-1, |A| = 70.0 x 10-4 cm-1. The results of the ESR analysis are compared with previous studies of the analogous layered compound Cd2P2S6. The Mn(II) crystal-field splitting parameter D increases approximately eight-fold from that in the sulfide lattice. The exceptionally large crystal-field splitting is correlated with the layered structure of the lattice and the Mn---Se bond covalency. It is concluded that the dominant effect is that of the bond covalency.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26114/1/0000190.pd