Avaliação do seio coronário como medida auxiliar no diagnóstico da hipertensão pulmonar em cães

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Marlos Gonçalves SousaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias. Defesa : Curitiba, 31/01/2022Inclui referências: p. 24-26Resumo: A síndrome da hipertensão pulmonar é caracterizada por um aumento sustentado da pressão na vasculatura pulmonar. O diagnóstico padrãoouro é feito com cateterismo cardíaco, mas a ecocardiografia destina-se a realizar a abordagem probabilística. O seio coronário (SC) é uma estrutura vascular que aumenta com o aumento da pressão no átrio direito, pressão na artéria pulmonar e está relacionado com o prognóstico da hipertensão pulmonar (HP). Este estudo visa validar o uso desta medida em cães, como parâmetro complementar ao diagnóstico desta condição. Animais: foi realizada avaliação ecocardiográfica de 61 cães, subdivididos em grupos de acordo com a probabilidade de HP. Materiais e métodos: estudo observacional analítico e transversal. As medidas ecocardiográficas padrão foram registradas pelo mesmo avaliador na janela paraesternal esquerda e direita. O seio coronariano foi medido no início do QRS e ao final da onda t do eletrocardiograma, em triplicata, e em seguida a respectiva media foi indexada pelo peso, raiz cúbica do peso, diâmetro da aorta e área de superfície corporal. O SC foi comparado com TAPSE, FAC, RPAD, AT/ET, AP/AO. Resultados: As médias indexadas ou não foram maiores em PHh comparado a PHi e PHl (p0,7 para a média de todas as indexações do SC. CSQRSAo, CSTB, CSTAO, CSQRSR, CSTW apresentaram correlação positiva com insuficiência tricúspide (RHO>0,6 e p0,7), e até melhores comparado aos outros índices ecocardiográficos. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse apresentou resultados >0,9 tanto na avaliação intra quanto interobservador. Conclusões: O SC sofre dilatação na HP. Foi adequado para o diagnóstico de pacientes com HP, mas não mostrou diferença nos pacientes do grupo controle. O uso do diâmetro SC é recomendado para a abordagem ecocardiográfica probabilística da HP quando indexado, especialmente pela área de superfície corporal e/ou diâmetro da aorta e é considerado um bom indicador prognóstico para HP.Abstract: Pulmonary hypertension syndrome is augmented by a sustained increase in vasculature. The gold standard diagnosis is made with cardiac catheterization, but echocardiography is intended to perform the probabilistic approach. Coronary sinus (CS) is an enlarged vascular structure with increasing pressure that is not right pulmonary artery pressure and is related to the prognosis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). This study aims to validate the use of this measure in dogs, as a complementary parameter to the diagnosis of this condition. Animals: an echocardiographic evaluation was performed on 61 dogs, subdivided into groups according to the probability of PH. Materials and methods: analytical and crosssectional observational study. Standard echocardiographic measurements were recorded by the same evaluator in the left and right parasternal window. The coronary sinus was medium and medium at the beginning of the QRS and at the end of the electrocardiogram waveform, respectively, and then the medium cubic was indexed by weight, cube root weight, aortic diameter and body surface area. SC was compared with TAPSE, FAC, RPAD, AT/ET, AP/AO. Results: Means indexed or not were higher in PHh compared to Phi and PHl (p0.7 for the mean of all SC indexes. CSQRSA, CSTB, CSTAO, CSQRSR, CSTW apparently positive with tricusp function (RHO>0.6 and p0.7), and even better compared to echocardiographic indices. Both intraclass evaluation results presented >0.9 in intra and interobserver. Conclusions: SC undergoes dilation in HP. It was adequate for the diagnosis of patients with PH, but showed no difference in patients in the control group. The use of SC diameter is recommended for the probabilistic echocardiographic approach to PH when indexed, especially by body surface area and/or aortic diameter, and is considered a good prognostic indicator for PH

Pythiosis in sheep from Paraná, southern Brazil

Abstract: This paper reports pythiosis in a sheep from southwestern Paraná, Brazil, confirmed by indirect ELISA (Enzime-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and immunohistochemistry, as well as it describes the macro and microscopic injuries, in order to understand the pathogenicity. A 4-year-old ewe from a flock of 30 Santa Inês sheep, raised semi-extensively with access to a weir, showed cachexia, bilateral enlargement in nasal region, a serous and bloody secretion with a fetid odor from its nose and swollen submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes. Blood collection was performed trough jugular vein puncture in order to make complete blood cell count (CBC) and to obtain serum for the subsequent serological examination. As the hematological counts were within the normal range for sheep, the animal was euthanized and submitted to necropsy. Indirect ELISA resulted positive for pythiosis. Necropsy revealed necrosis of the hard palate with a diameter of 3.5cm and extending up to the nasal cavity, forming a fistula. Submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes were enlarged and edematous on section. Microscopic findings for submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes consisted in moderate infiltration of eosinophils mainly in the subcapsular sinus, characterizing reactive eosinophilic lymphadenitis. The nasal cavity revealed rhinitis and oral cavity stomatitis with necro-eosinophilic and pronounced multifocal granulomatous infiltration and presence of hyphae. Hyphae found in palate and nasal cavity were positive for Pythium insidiosum by Grocott's method and immunohistochemistry, the last one considered to be confirmatory for the pathogen diagnostic. This report has an important epidemiological aspect, as it is the first case of pythiosis in sheep confirmed by serology in South Brazil and an alert of possible infection by the pathogen in floodplains

Effects of cardiovascular maropitant citrate in bitches submitted to ovariosalpingohysterectomy

Maropitant citrate is a veterinary antiemetic antagonist NK-1 receptor. This objected study is the investigate cardiovascular changes after administration of the drug and its safety for healthy animals. Used Twenty dog female healthy to submit the elective ovariosalpingohysterectomy. One group received maropitant citrate (1mg / kg) and other received saline solution before premedicated single dose subcutaneously. Was executed electrocardiography, measurement of systolic blood pressure noninvasive, echocardiography and serially before administration (Tpre) and after five minutes to 45 for blood pressure (T0 to T45) and up to 60 for electrocardiography (T5 to T60). After 150 minutes all analyzes were repeated (T150). Only the group receiving placebo had an increase in systolic blood pressure in T150 (p <0.001). Do not observed pathological arrhythmias in the animals the experiment. An increase in the QT interval and QTcorrigido T45, T60 and T150 in maropitant group compared to Tpre and QTcorrigido compared to placebo. The QRS increased compared to T45 Tpre. It found an increase in isovolumetric relaxation time T150 (60 ? 9,94ms) in maropitant group. It is suggested effect calcium channel blocking of potassium and interference in the rigid portion of titin involved in the mechanisms. Not visualized other changes echodopplercardiography associated with myocardial and hemodynamic function. Maropitant citrate can be used in general anesthesia from healthy dogs without changes hemodynamic significant. It should be used with caution in animals showing myocardial repolarization disorders with changes in QT and QTc or diastolic deficits diagnosed previously.O citrato de maropitant ? um antiem?tico veterin?rio antagonista do receptor NK-1. Objetivou-se investigar altera??es cardiovasculares ap?s administra??o do medicamento e a sua seguran?a para animais h?gidos. Utilizou-se vinte f?meas caninas h?gidas submetidas ? ovariosalpingohisterectomia eletiva. Um grupo recebeu citrato de maropitant (1mg/kg) e outro solu??o fisiol?gica antes da medica??o pr? anest?sica em dose ?nica pela via subcut?nea. Efetuou-se eletrocardiografia, aferi??o da press?o arterial sist?lica n?o invasiva e ecodopplercardiografia seriadamente antes da administra??o (Tpr?) e ap?s a cada cinco minutos at? 45 para a press?o arterial (T0 at? T45) e at? 60 para eletrocardiografia (T5 at? T60). Com 150 minutos todas as an?lises foram repetidas (T150). Apenas o grupo que recebeu placebo teve aumento da press?o arterial sist?lica em T150 (p<0,001). Nenhum animal apresentou arritmias patol?gicas durante o experimento. Verificou-se aumento do intervalo QT e QTcorrigido em T45, T60 e T150 no grupo maropitant comparado ao Tpr? e do QTcorrigido comparado ao placebo. O QRS aumentou em T45 comparado ao Tpr? . Constatou-se aumento no tempo de relaxamento isovolum?trico em T150 (60?9,94ms) no grupo maropitant. Sugere-se efeito bloqueador de canal de c?lcio e pot?ssio e interfer?ncia na por??o r?gida da titina envolvido nos mecanismos. N?o visualizou-se outras altera??es ecodoppercardiogr?ficas associadas ? fun??o mioc?rdica e hemodin?mica. O citrato de maropitant pode ser utilizado em anestesia geral de cadelas h?gidas, sem altera??es hemodin?micas significativas. Deve ser utilizado com cautela em animais que apresentem dist?rbios de repolariza??o mioc?rdica, com altera??es de intervalos QT e QTc ou d?ficits diast?licos diagnosticados previamente

Pythiosis in sheep from Paraná, southern Brazil

Abstract: This paper reports pythiosis in a sheep from southwestern Paraná, Brazil, confirmed by indirect ELISA (Enzime-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and immunohistochemistry, as well as it describes the macro and microscopic injuries, in order to understand the pathogenicity. A 4-year-old ewe from a flock of 30 Santa Inês sheep, raised semi-extensively with access to a weir, showed cachexia, bilateral enlargement in nasal region, a serous and bloody secretion with a fetid odor from its nose and swollen submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes. Blood collection was performed trough jugular vein puncture in order to make complete blood cell count (CBC) and to obtain serum for the subsequent serological examination. As the hematological counts were within the normal range for sheep, the animal was euthanized and submitted to necropsy. Indirect ELISA resulted positive for pythiosis. Necropsy revealed necrosis of the hard palate with a diameter of 3.5cm and extending up to the nasal cavity, forming a fistula. Submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes were enlarged and edematous on section. Microscopic findings for submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes consisted in moderate infiltration of eosinophils mainly in the subcapsular sinus, characterizing reactive eosinophilic lymphadenitis. The nasal cavity revealed rhinitis and oral cavity stomatitis with necro-eosinophilic and pronounced multifocal granulomatous infiltration and presence of hyphae. Hyphae found in palate and nasal cavity were positive for Pythium insidiosum by Grocott's method and immunohistochemistry, the last one considered to be confirmatory for the pathogen diagnostic. This report has an important epidemiological aspect, as it is the first case of pythiosis in sheep confirmed by serology in South Brazil and an alert of possible infection by the pathogen in floodplains

Sedative and electrocardiographic effects of low dose dexmedetomidine in healthy cats

ABSTRACT: In feline veterinary practice sedation is often needed to perform diagnostic or minimally invasive procedures, minimize stress, and facilitate handling. The mortality rate of cats undergoing sedation is significantly higher than dogs, so it is fundamental that the sedatives provide good cardiovascular stability. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist utilized in cats to provide sedation and analgesia, although studies have been utilized high doses, and markedly hemodynamic impairments were reported. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate how the sedative and electrocardiographic effects of a low dose of DEX performing in cats. Eleven healthy cats were recruited; baseline sedative score, systolic arterial pressure, electrocardiography, and vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) were assessed, and repeated after ten minutes of DEX 5μg/kg intramuscularly (IM). A smooth sedation was noticed, and emesis and sialorrhea were common adverse effects, observed on average seven minutes after IM injection. Furthermore, electrocardiographic effects of a low dose of DEX mainly include decreases on heart rate, and increases on T-wave amplitude. The augmentation on VVTI and appearance of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, as well as sinus bradycardia in some cats, suggesting that DEX enhances parasympathetic tonus in healthy cats, and therefore will be best avoid in patients at risk for bradycardia