The teacher's understanding of American explorers (Columbus, Cabot, Magellan, Byrd) including selections from journals plus bibliography of children's books

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Political philosophy and private property : an evaluation of four main types of theory concerning ownership and distribution of property in a just society

Bibliography: leaves 164-168.This thesis takes as its starting point the beliefs that government should be neutral between the conceptions of the good life of its citizens; that it should take as one of its foremost goals the maximization of their freedom, and with a tentative acceptance of the view that individuals have natural rights. It attempts to answer the following questions: 1. Is there a natural right to property? 2. can an individual acquire exclusive control over an object independently of the actions or acquiescence of others? 3. Do private property rights infringe or protect freedom? 4. Is equality a desirable goal? If so, what form of equality should a society pursue? 5. Is a free society compatible with an egalitarian society? 6. Does it make sense to speak of distributive justice? In answer to the first two questions the author discusses and rejects John Locke's Labour Theory of Acquisition; in response to the others she discusses the theories of Karl Marx, G A Cohen, Robert Nozick, Michael Oakeshott, John Rawls, Alan Ryan and Ronald Dworkin and attempts conceptual analyses of "freedom", "equality", "justice" and "property". Finally, it is concluded that: 1. There is no natural right to property. 2. The form of property rights adopted requires the hypothetical consent of concerned parties. 3. Private property rights in areas of everyday contact are valuable - for privacy, autonomy and individuality. Security of property rights on a large scale, on the other hand, can threaten the freedom of others. 4. Equality is desirable. Rawls's version, that no inequality be permitted unless it improves the position of the worst-off, or a variant of this, best conforms to the constraint of 2. 5. This version of equality is compatible with freedom. 6. There are deep and conflicting intuitions regarding distributive justice

Letter, 1979 August 10, from Frances Humphrey Howard to Eva Jessye

1 page, Howard was the sister of Senator Hubert Humphrey

Artistic production and (re)production: dis-engaged young people’s educational experiences of Arts Award programmes

A growing number of alternative qualifications have been designed to enable ‘disadvantaged’ young people to ‘catch-up’ to the mainstream. The Arts Award is one such award. Positioned as a vocationally relevant qualification within the education landscape, Arts Award’s inclusion strategy aims to afford entry to further and higher education as well as to employment. Situated within neoliberal education and cultural policy, the award is tasked with building cultural capital through universal provision. Arts Award is offered not only to elite schools and the ‘omnivorous’ middle classes, but also to young people who are deemed to have limited access to the ‘arts’. This thesis explores what Arts Award offers to young people who are regarded as ‘dis-engaged’ from mainstream education. Ethnographic case studies, conducted in five sites, captured the experiences of the young people accessing the programme in conjunction with low-level qualifications or no qualifications at all. Three ‘vocational’ strands are explored, strands which are most associated with educating those with low economic and cultural capitals. Four key elements of Arts Award’s strategy: policy, practice, pedagogy and pathways are analysed. The works of Pierre Bourdieu and Paul Willis are brought together and used analytically in order to develop the concept of Artistic Production and (re)production, which is applied throughout the study. This framework is used to describe opportunities for young people to be agentic and become entrepreneurial arts producers, within the constraints of the particular practices, capitals and dispositions on offer. The concept of Artistic Production and (re)production is a way of exploring a tension within Arts Award between the assimilation of common culture and the social hierarchisation of the field. Analysis of the data demonstrated that there were both productive and reproductive logics of practice at work within the fieldwork sites. This resulted in an unequal offer for dis-engaged young people taking up the award. Arts Award’s narratives, which support the doxa of meritocracy, have led to misrecognitions about how and why the award is practiced differently in different sites. These misrecognitions include assumptions about ‘access’ equating to ‘inclusion’ and the award holding equivalent capital to mainstream qualifications. This research found that the accrual of capitals and dispositions was not universal, with a limited number of young people being able to use these to their advantage. It is argued that Arts Award acts as a gatekeeper to young people’s future arts pathways and when it is enacted through the pedagogy of poverty its potential as a programme that could engage with cultural citizenship is not realised. This research makes a contribution to knowledge about youth arts programming and pedagogies. It questions the assumed benefit of arts programmes for ‘at-risk’ young people and the positioning of arts education within vocational programmes. Highlighting issues of equity, the study demonstrates that despite changes to the ways that young people access arts education, and the mobilisation of programmes such as the Arts Award with a commitment to social justice, there continues to be (re)production