The Foreign Investor: Current Approaches toward United States Immigration Law

The topic of representing the foreign investor under the Immigration and Nationality Act is one of growing significance. Increases in the inflow of foreign funds have been substantial, with net foreign investment in the United States rising to an annual rate of more than eighty billion dollars in the second quarter of 1984, compared to thirty-four billion dollars in 1983. The foreign investor seeking entry into the United States to oversee an investment enterprise faces, however, a dearth of directly relevant provisions in the Immigration and Nationality Act. This article addresses the salient features of United States immigration law relating to entry by foreign investors to engage in investment related activities

Procedural Aspects of Illegal Search and Seizure in Deportation Cases

This Article will outline the procedural guidelines with which counsel must be familiar, highlight the practical measures that must be undertaken by the practitioner litigating a deportation action, and catalogue the various stages of a deportation proceeding

Searching for Illegal Aliens: The Immigration Service Encounters the Fourth Amendment

The intent of this Article is to outline the clearly emerging constitutional standards which the Supreme Court has said attach to the broad powers granted to immigration officials. Historically, there was never any constitutional logic supporting the position that the fourth amendment\u27s protections should not apply to immigration-related searches removed from the actual border. Recent judicial decisions support this conclusion

Neurovascular anatomy around the knee: Relevance of the dangers of self-drilling external fixator pin tips.

INTRODUCTION: With external fixation of the femur and tibia, iatrogenic injury to neurovasculature from self-drilling tips of fixation pins is an important consideration in pin placement. Precise knowledge of the neurovascular anatomy in the distal femur and proximal tibia is important to limit potential pin misplacement. METHOD: Six pin placement sites on six cadaveric legs were used in accordance with current placement techniques. After pin placement, the soft tissue around each pin was dissected and the distances between the pin tips and the surrounding neurovasculature were measured. RESULTS: The resultant data allow for a description of safe and unsafe corridors which can be used for external fixator pin placement. Safe sagittal insertion into the distal femur should consist of two pins: (1) 90 mm ± proximal from the proximal pole of the patella and 3 mm ± medially, (2) 55 mm ± proximal from the proximal pole of the patella and 2 mm ± laterally. Safe coronal insertion into the distal femur should consist of two pins: (1) 30 mm ± proximal to the lateral epicondyle, (2) 100 mm ± proximal to the lateral epicondyle. Safe proximal tibial pin placement should consist of two pins and be placed at an oblique angle: (1) 20 mm ± distal to the tibial tuberosity and 2 mm ± medially, (2) 55 mm ± distal to the tibial tuberosity and 2 mm ± medially. DISCUSSION: This study forms an investigation into the safe areas for placement of external fixator pins, within the distal femur and proximal tibia, specifically, detailing the best practice for pin placement in relation to the tips of the external fixation pins

The Immigration Selection System: A Proposal for Reform

This Article reviews the historical background of our present immigration law and analyzes the policy goals of immigration law in light of the major contemporary issues that bear directly on the immigration act: population growth, the requirements of the labor force, family reunion, illegal immigration, and refugee admission. The authors contend that the immigration act in its present form does not adequately deal with the expanding nature of these problems, and offer recommendations to reconcile present deficiencies with recent and foreseeable world developments. The authors suggest reforms that would balance humanitarian goals with domestic, political, socioeconomic, demographic, and foreign policy impacts

Treatment of Angular Deformity and Limb Length Discrepancy With a Retrograde Femur Magnetic Intramedullary Nail: A Fixator-assisted, Blocking Screw Technique

Background: Fixator-assisted nailing techniques that incorporate magnetic internal lengthening nails (MILNs) permit acute deformity correction and then gradual limb lengthening without needing postoperative external fixators. Purposes: We sought to investigate the safety and accuracy of a fixator-assisted, blocking screw technique using retrograde MILNs for the correction of LLD and limb malalignment. Methods: Forty-one patients (13 patients with genu varum and 28 patients with genu valgum) with LLD treated with fixator-assisted, blocking screw retrograde MILN reconstruction were included. Preoperative LLD, mechanical axis deviation, and joint orientation angles were compared with values at the end of treatment, and bone healing indices were calculated. Perioperative complications were tracked. Results: Preoperatively, the mean mechanical lateral distal femoral angle of the varus cohort was 98 ± 12°, whereas the mean lateral distal femoral angle of the valgus cohort was 82±4°. Both cohorts had an average 3-cm LLD. 99% of the planned limb lengthening was achieved. Final LDFAs were 91 ± 6° and 89 ± 4° in the varus and valgus cohorts, respectively, and the limb mechanical axis angles were normalized. 10 patients underwent a total of 21 returns to the operating room. Most commonly, this involved percutaneous injection of bone marrow aspirate concentrate to bone regenerate exhibiting delayed union (6 patients). Conclusions: The use of a retrograde MILN with a fixator-assisted, blocking screw technique is an effective means of acute deformity correction and gradual limb lengthening through minimal incisions. The accuracy of deformity correction relies on intraoperative execution of the appropriate nail start site, osteotomy location, and placement of blocking screws