379 research outputs found
Tradable Standards for Clean Air Act Carbon Policy
EPA is in the process of regulating U.S. greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions using its powers under the Clean Air Act. The likely next phase of this regulatory program is performance standards under Section 111 of the act for coal plants and petroleum refineries, which the agency has committed to finalize by the end of 2012. Section 111 appears to allow use of flexible, market-based regulatory tools. In this paper, we discuss one such tool, tradable standards. Tradable standards appear to be a legally and politically viable choice for the agency, and evidence suggests they are substantially more cost-effective than traditional performance standards. The paper discusses implementation issues with tradable standards, including categorization, banking, and phased implementation, as well as broader issues with the Section 111 rulemaking process as it relates to state-level GHG regulatory efforts.averaging, flexibility, regulatory design, market-based regulation
Greenhouse Gas Regulation under the Clean Air Act: A Guide for Economists
Until recently, most attention to U.S. climate policy has focused on legislative efforts to introduce a price on carbon through cap and trade. In the absence of such legislation, the Clean Air Act is a potentially potent alternative. Decisions regarding existing stationary sources will have the greatest effect on emissions reductions. The magnitude is uncertain, but plausibly 10 percent reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from 2005 levels could be achieved at moderate costs by 2020. This is comparable to the reductions that would have been achieved under the Waxman-Markey legislation in the domestic economy. These measures do not include the switching of fuels, which could yield further reductions. The ultimate cost of regulation under the act hinges on the stringency of standards and the flexibility allowed. A broad-based tradable performance standard is legally plausible and would provide incentives comparable to the proposed legislation, at least in the near term.climate policy, efficiency, EPA, Clean Air Act, NAAQS, coal
Determination of the Gaugino Mass Parameter M_1 in Different Linear Collider Modes
We study the different linear collider modes with regard to the determination
of the gaugino mass parameter M_1. In a specific mSUGRA inspired scenario we
compare four processes with polarized beams: (a) e+ e- --> neutralino_1
neutralino_2 --> neutralino_1 neutralino_1 e+ e-, (b) e- gamma --> neutralino_1
selectron_{L/R} --> neutralino_1 neutralino_1 e-, (c) gamma gamma -->
chargino_1^+ chargino_1^- --> neutralino_1 neutralino_1 e+ e- neutrino_e
anti-neutrino_e, (d) e- e- --> selectron_{L/R} selectron_{L/R} --> neutralino_1
neutralino_1 e- e-.Comment: 5 pages, 8 figures, LaTex, Talk given at the 5th International Linear
Collider Workshop (LCWS 2000), Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, Oct. 24-28, 200
Beam Polarization and Spin Correlation Effects in Chargino Production and Decay
We study chargino production e^+ e^- -> chi^+_1 chi^-_1 and the subsequent
leptonic decay chi^-_1\to chi^0_1 e^- nu_e including the complete spin
correlations between production and decay. We work out the advantages of
polarizing the e^+ and e^- beams. We study in detail the polarized cross
sections, the angular distribution and the forward--backward asymmetry of the
decay electron. They can be used to determine the sneutrino mass
m_{\tilde{\nu}_e}.Comment: 14 pages, 17 postscript figures, latex using epsfi
Identifying the NMSSM by the interplay of LHC and ILC
The interplay between the LHC and the International Linear Collider
(ILC) with GeV might be crucial for the discrimination between
the minimal and next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model. We present an
NMSSM scenario, where the light neutralinos have a significant singlino
component, that cannot be distinguished from the MSSM by cross sections and
mass measurements. Mass and mixing state predictions for the heavier
neutralinos from the ILC analysis at different energy stages and comparison
with observation at the LHC, lead to clear identification of the particle
character and identify the underlying supersymmetric model.Comment: 8 pages, 2 eps figures, revtex4 style Contribution to the `2005
International Linear Collider Workshop - Stanford, U.S.A.
Impact of e^+ and e^- Beam Polarization on Chargino and Neutralino Production at a Linear Collider
We study the production processes e^+ e^- -> chi^+_i chi^-_j, i,j=1,2, and
e^+ e^- -> chi^0_m chi^0_n, m,n=1,...,4, working out the advantages of
polarizing both beams. For e^+ e^- -> chi^+_1 chi^-_1 with chi^-_1 -> chi^0_1
e^- nu and e^+ e^- -> chi^0_1 chi^0_2 with chi^0_2 -> chi^0_1 e^+ e^- we
perform a detailed analysis, including the complete spin correlations between
production and decay. We analyze the forward--backward asymmetry of the decay
electron for various beam polarizations. We also study polarization asymmetries
in e^+ e^- -> chi^0_1 chi^0_2. These asymmetries strongly constrain the gaugino
parameter M_1 and the masses m_{\tilde{e}_L}, m_{\tilde{e}_R}, m_{\tilde{nu}}
also if m_{\tilde{e}_{L,R}}, m_{\tilde{nu}} > sqrt{s}/2. We give numerical
predictions for three scenarios for a linear collider with sqrt{s}=500-1000
GeV.Comment: 26 pages, 26 postscript figures, latex using epsfi
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