Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the roots of two grapevine cultivars in response to bioproducts

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different bioproducts on the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the roots of ‘Solaris’ and ‘Regent’ grapevine cultivars. The following bioproducts were used, alone or with mineral fertilization (NPK): Ausma, Bioilsa, manure and BF Ekomix. The highest mycorrhizal frequency was recorded in the roots of ‘Solaris’ after applying the bioproduct Ausma. For the ‘Regent’ cultivar, the highest mycorrhizal frequency was found in the plants treated with Ausma, BF Ekomix and manure. Colonization of grapevine roots by AM fungi was limited bymineral fertilization. After the combined use of bioproducts and mineral fertilizers, there was observed a tendency for minimized negative effect of mineral fertilization on the formation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Changes in the Mineral Content of Soil following the Application of Different Organic Matter Sources

A study conducted over three consecutive years examined the effects of using biochar, organic fertilizer and microorganisms on soil pH and the concentrations of macro and microelements in the soil. A tendency to increase soil pH was seen where biochar was used. The highest concentration of phosphorus was found in the soil after the application of organic fertilizer with the addition of microorganisms. The most potassium was found in the soil treated with biochar together with organic fertilizer, while the most magnesium was in the soil fertilized with organic fertilizer alone and organic fertilizer together with microorganisms. All the fertilization combinations resulted in an increase in boron and copper levels in the soil. The accumulation of iron in the soil was promoted by organic fertilization alone and organic fertilization together with microorganisms. The highest amount of manganese in the soil was found after fertilization with biochar together with organic fertilizer. In the combination where organic fertilizer was applied, the soil contained the most sodium, while the highest zinc content was found in the soil fertilized with biochar and organic fertilizer. The greatest increase in the carbon content in the soil occurred after the use of biochar together with microorganisms and biochar with organic fertilizer. The same treatments also resulted in the highest amount of organic matter. The study shows that the use of biochar, organic fertilization and the combined use of biochar and organic fertilization improved the quality of the soil

Influence of Long-Term Storage on the Caking Properties Determined in Punch Test and Fungal Contamination of Potato Starch and Wheat Flour

The presented results are an attempt to identify the changes taking place during a punch test experiment and the development of fungal impurities of powdered food materials over long-term storage at 75% RH. The potato starch and wheat flour market has a large share of the global production of bulk materials. The growing interest in powdered food materials requires additional production expenditure. This is associated with an increase in storage time of the discussed product and providing it with the appropriate conditions. The samples of potato starch and wheat flour were stored in perforated containers in a climatic chamber at 75% humidity and 21 °C for five months and then samples were measured by a punch test in a Lloyd LRX materials testing machine. The graphs obtained in the potato starch punch test differed significantly from wheat flour. The thickening of potato starch was observed in the form of layers, while potato starch was uniformly thickened throughout the experiment. The conditions of 75% humidity and 21 °C can be described as the beginning of the caking process. In potato starch, linear sections were observed, which changed the length of their storage time and, additionally, was correlated with the appearance of fungal contamination. These results may suggest the influence of fungi on the phenomenon of bulk material caking

Growth, Yielding and Healthiness of Grapevine Cultivars ‘Solaris’ and ‘Regent’ in Response to Fertilizers and Biostimulants

In the years 2008–2015, field experiments were conducted on the vines of cultivars ‘Solaris’ and ‘Regent’ grafted on SO4 rootstock. The following treatments: 1. control (untreated), 2. NPK (mineral fertilization 70 kg N·ha−1; 40 kg P·ha−1; 120 kg K·ha−1), 3. mycorrhizal substrate (AMF – Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi), 4. NPK + AMF, 5. manure (before planting), 6. NPK + manure (before planting), 7. Bioilsa, 8. NPK + Bioilsa, 9. BF-Ecomix, 10. NPK + BF-Ecomix, 11. Ausma and 12. NPK + Ausma were applied to evaluate the usefulness of biostimulants and mineral and organic fertilizers in organic grapevine production in “cool climate” conditions of Poland. The tests did not show a definite positive effect of the biostimulants and organic fertilizers on growth, yielding and healthiness of the cultivars ‘Solaris’ and ‘Regent’. There were no substantial differences in total marketable yield in the years 2009 to 2015 between control and other treatments. Grapevines planted in soil rich in minerals grew and yielded well despite no mineral fertilization for a number of years. In 2014, when the air humidity was high during vegetation, intensive rotting of the berries of cultivar ‘Solaris’, caused by Botrytis cinerea, was observed on plants fertilized with NPK

Microbial Products and Biofertilizers in Improving Growth and Productivity of Apple – a Review

The excessive use of mineral fertilizers causes many negative consequences for the environment as well as potentially dangerous effects of chemical residues in plant tissues on the health of human and animal consumers. Bio-fertilizers are formulations of beneficial micro­organisms, which upon application can increase the availability of nutrients by their biological activity and help to improve soil health. Microbes involved in the formulation of bio-fertilizers not only mobilize N and P but mediate the process of producing crops and foods naturally. This method avoids the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers and genetically modified organisms to influence the growth of crops. In addition to their role in enhancing the growth of the plants, biofertilizers can act as biocontrol agents in the rhizosphere at the same time. Biofertilizers are very safe for human, animal and environment. The use of Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, Acetobacter, Burkholderia, Bacillus, Paenibacillus and some members of the Enterobacteriaceae is gaining worldwide importance and acceptance and appears to be the trend for the future

The influence of biofertilization on the vegetative growth, yielding and nutritional status of 'Sampion' apple trees in first years after planting

The effects of biofertilizers on the growth, yielding, and nutritional status of apple trees (in comparison with the standard mineral fertilization) was evaluated in 3-years experiment (2018-2020). The experiment included the following treatments: (i) Super Fos Dar, (ii) Polifoska 6, (iii) Super Fos Dar + fungi (Aspergillus niger, Purpureocillium lilacinum), (iv) Urea enriched with fungi, (v) Urea dose reduced to 60% enriched with fungi, (vi) Super Fos Dar + bacteria applied on their own to the soil (Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Paenibacillus polymyxa), (vii) Super Fos Dar enriched with bacteria, (viii) Super Fos Dar 60% enriched with bacteria, (ix) Polifoska 6 enriched with bacteria, (x) Polifoska 6 60% enriched with bacteria. The application of mineral fertilizers (even in reduced doses) enriched with beneficial microorganisms enhanced the growth of apple trees. The most abundant flowering was recorded when fertilization (with Super Fos Dar) was supplemented with beneficial microorganisms applied to the soil. No significant differences in plant yielding were noted (due to damages caused by spring frosts), but the highest fruit weight was recorded in the case of the trees fertilized with microbiologically enriched Super Fos Dar

Wpływ nawozów wzbogaconych mikrobiologicznie na wzrost wegetatywny truskawki w uprawie kontenerowej przy zróżnicowanym poziomie nawadniania

The experiment was established in the SGGW Experimental Field in Skierniewice in the spring of 2018 in four replications. It was conducted on strawberry plants of the cultivar ‘Marmolada’ and included the following experimental combinations (in two variants 100% hydration and 50% hydration): 1. Control – no fertilization; 2. Control – standard NPK fertilization; 3. Control with fungi only (Aspergillus niger and Purpureocillium lilacinum); 4. Control with bacteria only (Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Paenibacillus polymyxa); 5. Standard NPK + fungi; 6. Standard NPK + bacteria; 7. Polifoska 6 innovative fertilizer 100% + bacteria; 8. Urea 100% + fungi; 9. Polifoska 6 100% + bacteria; 10. Super Fos Dar 40 innovative fertilizer 100% + bacteria; 11. Urea 60% + fungi; 12. Polifoska 6 60% + bacteria; 13. Super Fos Dar 40, 60% + bacteria. In 2018, there was no fruiting because all the inflorescences of the strawberry plants had been removed. The leaves were analyzed for mineral content (macro- and microelements). In the autumn, the runners were cut off and their number, fresh weight and length and also the number and fresh weight of the runner plants were determined. The results of the first year of the study showed that filamentous fungi and beneficial bacteria used together with the fertilizers tested in the experiment with strawberry plants (Urea, Polifoska 6, Super Fos Dar 40) favourably improved the growth of runners and runner plants, and increased the concentration of some minerals and macro- and microelements in the leaves. The amount of water supplied to the strawberry plants fertilized with the different mineral fertilizers enriched with beneficial bacteria and filamentous fungi affected the growth of the vegetative parts of plants. The fertilizer Super Fos Dar 40 in a 100% dose enriched with bacterial strains of the genus Bacillus, with a substantial deficit of water in the soil, stimulated the growth of runners and runner plants, and effectively limited the effects of drought.Doświadczenie założono wiosną w 2018 roku w czterech powtórzeniach, na Polu Doświadczalnym SGGW w Skierniewicach. Doświadczenie prowadzono w dwóch wariantach 100% nawodnienie i 50% nawodnienie w następujących kombinacjach: 1. Kontrola – bez nawożenia; 2.Standardowe nawożenie NPK (kontrola); 3.Kontrola tylko z grzybami (Aspergillus niger i Purpureocillium lilacinum); 4. Kontrola tylko z bakteriami (Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens i Paenibacillus polymyxa); 5. Standardowe nawożenie NPK + grzyby; 6. Standardowe nawożenie NPK + bakterie; 7. Polifoska 6 100%- innowacyjny nawóz + bakterie; 8.Mocznik 100%+ grzyby; 9. Polifoska 6 +bakterie; 10. Super Fos Dar 40 100%- innowacyjny nawóz + bakterie; 11. Mocznik 60%+ grzyby; 12. Polifoska 6 60% + bakterie; 13. Super Fos Dar 40, 60% + bakterie. W 2018 roku owocowania nie było ponieważ wszystkie kwiatostany roślin zostały usunięte. W liściach określano zawartość składników mineralnych (makro- i mikroelementów). Jesienią odcinano rozłogi i określano ich liczbę, świeżą masę, długość, liczbę oraz świeżą masę sadzonek rozłogowych. Wyniki pierwszego roku badań wykazały, że, grzyby strzępkowe i bakterie pożyteczne stosowane razem z nawozami badanymi w doświadczeniu z roślinami truskawki (mocznik, Polifoska 6, Super Fos Dar 40) wpływają korzystnie na poprawę wzrostu rozłogów i sadzonek rozłogowych oraz wzrost zawartości niektórych składników mineralnych oraz makro- i mikroelementów w liściach. Ilość dostarczanej wody roślinom truskawki, nawożonym różnymi nawozami mineralnymi wzbogaconymi bakteriami pożytecznymi i grzybami strzępkowymi, ma wpływ na wzrost wegetatywnych części roślin. Nawóz Super Fos Dar 40 w dawce 100% wzbogacony szczepami bakterii rodzaju Bacillus, przy wyraźnym deficycie wody w glebie, stymulował wzrost rozłogów i sadzonek rozłogowych roślin truskawki i skutecznie ograniczał skutki suszy

Wpływ nawozów wzbogaconych mikrobiologicznie na wzrost wegetatywny truskawki w warunkach polowych w pierwszym roku prowadzenia plantacji

The experiment was established in the spring of 2018 in the Experimental Orchard of the Research Institute of Horticulture in Dąbrowice (Central Poland). It was conducted on strawberry plants of the cultivar ‘Marmolada’. The experiment included the following experimental combinations: 1. Control – no fertilizer; 2. Standard NPK fertilization (control); 3. Control with fungi only (Aspergillus niger and Purpureocillium lilacinum); 4. Control with bacteria only (Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Paenibacillus polymyxa); 5. Standard NPK + fungi; 6. Standard NPK + bacteria; 7. Polifoska 6 innovative fertilizer 100% + bacteria; 8. Urea 100% + fungi; 9. Polifoska 6 100% + bacteria; 10. Super Fos Dar 40 innovative fertilizer 100% + bacteria; 11. Urea 60% + fungi; 12. Polifoska 6 60% + bacteria; 13. Super Fos Dar 40 60% + bacteria; 14. Polifoska 6 100% without bacteria; 15. Urea 100% without fungi; 16. Super Fos Dar 40 100% without bacteria. In the middle of the summer, the surface area of the leaves, the intensity of the green colour of the leaves, and the concentration of macro- and microelements in them were measured. In the autumn, the runners were cut off, and their number, fresh weight and length, and the number and fresh weight of the runner plants were determined. Urea, in combination with fungi, had the greatest influence on the fresh weight of the leaves and their surface area. The applied fertilization treatments did not cause any changes in the intensity of the green colour of the leaves. Under the influence of the applied microbiologically enriched fertilizers and the microorganisms added to the soil on their own, the mineral composition of the leaves changed. In the groups of macro- and microelements, the fertilizers Super Fos Dar 40 and Polifoska 6 enriched with bacteria caused an increase in the levels of the elements analyzed. Urea enriched with strains of filamentous fungi produced a similar effect. In the first year of running the plantation, the largest number and weight of runners were formed by the strawberry plants fertilized with a full dose of Urea. The use of the bacterial mixture had a very beneficial influence on the number and length of runners and the quality of runner plants. In 2018, fruiting was not evaluated because all the inflorescences were removed in order to intensify the vegetative growth of the plants.Doświadczenie założono wiosną 2018 roku w Sadzie Doświadczalnym Instytutu Ogrodnictwa w Dąbrowicach, a przeprowadzono je na roślinach truskawki odmiany Marmolada w następujących kombinacjach: 1. Kontrola – bez nawożenia; 2. Nawożenie standardowe NPK (kontrola); 3. Kontrola tylko z grzybami (Aspergillus niger i Purpureocillium lilacinum); 4. Kontrola tylko z bakteriami (Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens i Paenibacillus polymyxa ); 5. Nawożenie standardowe NPK + grzyby; 6. Nawożenie standardowe NPK + bakterie; 7. Polifoska 6, 100% - innowacyjny nawóz+ bakterie; 8. Mocznik 100% + grzyby; 9. Polifoska 6 + bakterie; 10. Super Fos Dar 40, 100% - innowacyjny nawóz + bakterie; 11. Mocznik 60%+ grzyby; 12. Polifoska 6, 60% + bakterie; 13. Super Fos Dar 40, 60% + bakterie; 14. Polifoska 6, 100% bez bakterii; 15. Mocznik 100% bez grzybów; 16. Super Fos Dar 40, 100% bez bakterii. W połowie lata mierzono powierzchnię liści, natężenie zielonej barwy liści oraz zawartość w nich makro- i mikroelementów. Jesienią odcinano rozłogi, określano ich liczbę, świeżą masę, długość, liczbę oraz świeżą masę sadzonek rozłogowych. Mocznik w połączeniu z grzybami w największym stopniu wpłynął stymulująco na świeżą masę liści i pole ich powierzchni. Zastosowane kombinacje nawożenia nie powodowały zmian w intensywności zielonej barwy liści truskawki. Pod wpływem zastosowanych nawozów wzbogaconych mikrobiologicznie oraz samych mikroorganizmów dodawanych do gleby zmieniał się skład mineralny liści. W grupie makro- i mikroelementów nawozy Super Fos Dar 40 i Polifoska 6 wzbogacone bakteriami spowodował wzrost poziomu badanych pierwiastków. Podobne działanie miał mocznik wzbogacony szczepami grzybów strzępkowych. W pierwszym roku prowadzenia plantacji największą liczbę i masę rozłogów wytworzyły rośliny truskawki nawożone pełną dawką mocznika. Bardzo korzystnie na liczbę i długość rozłogów oraz jakość sadzonek rozłogowych wpłynęło zastosowanie mieszaniny bakterii. W 2018 roku owocowania nie oceniano, ponieważ wszystkie kwiatostany zostały usunięte w celu zintensyfikowania wzrostu wegetatywnego roślin

Influence of microbially enriched mineral fertilizers on the composition of rhizosphere microorganisms of Thuja occidentalis

Rhizosphere is a region of the strongest interactions be- tween plants, soil and microorganisms, which play an important role in plant development. Due to a number of interdependencies, they are main factors determining the health and proper growth of plants. All methods used in agriculture that promote the growth of microbial populations and their biodiversity are beneficial both for cultivated plants and for the environment. Thuja occidentalis cv. Brabant, is a very popular plant in Poland. In the study the effect of mineral fertilizers: Urea, Polifoska 6, Super Fos Dar 40, enriched with beneficial strains of fungi and bacteria, on selected groups of soil microorganisms was evaluated. The fungi Asper- gillus niger and Purpureocillium lilacinum and bacteria Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Paenibacillus polymyxa, which have been shown to have beneficial effects on plant growth in previous works, have been used as additives to bio-fertilizers. The use of mineral fertilizers Urea, Polifoska 6 and Super Fos Dar 40, enriched with selected strains of fungi and bacteria had a beneficial effect on the development of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the Thuja occidentalis, especially in the second year of research