Zusammenarbeit mit Eltern in Kindertageseinrichtungen - Internationale Perspektiven. Ein Überblick: Studien und Forschungsergebnisse. Expertise für das Projekt Weiterbildungsinitiative Frühpädagogische Fachkräfte (WiFF)

Eine gute Zusammenarbeit zwischen Eltern und pädagogischen Fachkräften von Kindertageseinrichtungen ist wichtig – vor allem, wenn die Kindertagesbetreuung kompensatorische Effekte erzielen soll. Die Expertise gibt einen Überblick darüber, wie diese Kooperation in unterschiedlichen Ländern und Projekten praktiziert wird. Im Vergleich zeigen sich Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede, die auch für die Weiterentwicklung dieses wichtigen Arbeitsschwerpunktes frühpädagogischer Fachkräfte in Deutschland von Bedeutung sind. (DIPF/Orig.

Literatur-Rundschau

Herbert Riehl-Heyse: Das tägliche Gegengift. Reportagen und Essays 1972–2003 / Hans Ulrich Kempski berichtet. Große Reportagen eines legendären Journalisten (Walter Hömberg)Anna-Katharina Linau: Gebete im Internet. Eine praktisch-theologische Untersuchung (Manfred Riegger)Benjamin Ziemann: Sozialgeschichte der Religion. Von der Reformation bis zur Gegenwart (Regina Polak)Peter Szyszka / Dagmar Schütte / Katharina Urbahn: Public Relations in Deutschland. Eine empirische Studie zum Berufsfeld Öffentlichkeitsarbeit (Sonja B. Lorenz)Franziska Weder: Organisationskommunikation und PR (Romy Fröhlich)Thomas Roessing: Öffentliche Meinung – die Erforschung der Schweigespirale (Anna-Maria Deisenberg)

The bioelectric mechanisms of local calcium dynamics in cancer cell proliferation: an extension of the A549 in silico cell model

IntroductionAdvances in molecular targeting of ion channels may open up new avenues for therapeutic approaches in cancer based on the cells’ bioelectric properties. In addition to in-vitro or in-vivo models, in silico models can provide deeper insight into the complex role of electrophysiology in cancer and reveal the impact of altered ion channel expression and the membrane potential on malignant processes. The A549 in silico model is the first computational cancer whole-cell ion current model that simulates the bioelectric mechanisms of the human non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 during the different phases of the cell cycle. This work extends the existing model with a detailed mathematical description of the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and the complex local intracellular calcium dynamics, which significantly affect the entire electrophysiological properties of the cell and regulate cell cycle progression.MethodsThe initial model was extended by a multicompartmental approach, addressing the heterogenous calcium profile and dynamics in the ER-PM junction provoked by local calcium entry of store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) and uptake by SERCA pumps. Changes of cytosolic calcium levels due to diffusion from the ER-PM junction, release from the ER by RyR channels and IP3 receptors, as well as corresponding PM channels were simulated and the dynamics evaluated based on calcium imaging data. The model parameters were fitted to available data from two published experimental studies, showing the function of CRAC channels and indirectly of IP3R, RyR and PMCA via changes of the cytosolic calcium levels.ResultsThe proposed calcium description accurately reproduces the dynamics of calcium imaging data and simulates the SOCE mechanisms. In addition, simulations of the combined A549-SOCE model in distinct phases of the cell cycle demonstrate how Ca2+ - dynamics influence responding channels such as KCa, and consequently modulate the membrane potential accordingly.DiscussionLocal calcium distribution and time evolution in microdomains of the cell significantly impact the overall electrophysiological properties and exert control over cell cycle progression. By providing a more profound description, the extended A549-SOCE model represents an important step on the route towards a valid model for oncological research and in silico supported development of novel therapeutic strategies

Psychological Well-Being of Parents of Very Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes – Baseline Assessment

Background: Type 1 diabetes in young children is a heavy parental burden. As part of pilot phase of the KIDSAP01 study, we conducted a baseline assessment in parents to study the association between hypoglycemia fear, parental well-being and child behavior. Methods: All parents were invited to fill in baseline questionnaires: hypoglycemia fear survey (HFS), WHO-5, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: 24 children (median age: 5-year, range 1-7 years, 63% male, mean diabetes duration: 3 ± 1.7 years) participated. 23/24 parents filled out the questionnaires. We found a higher score for the hypoglycemia fear behavior 33.9 ± 5.6 compared to hypoglycemia worry 34.6 ± 12.2. Median WHO-5 score was 16 (8 - 22) with poor well-being in two parents. Median daytime sleepiness score was high in five parents (>10). For six children a high total behavioral difficulty score (>16) was reported. Pro social behavior score was lower than normal in six children (<6). Parental well-being was negatively associated with HFS total (r = - 0.50, p <.05) and subscale scores (r = - 0.44, p <.05 for HFS-Worry and HFS-Behavior), child behavior (r = - 0.45, p = .05) and positively with child age and diabetes duration (r = 0.58, p <.01, r = 0.6, p <.01). HFS, parental well-being nor daytime sleepiness are associated with the HbA1c. Conclusion: Regular screening of parental well-being, hypoglycemia fear and child behavior should be part of routine care to target early intervention

Psychological Well-Being of Parents of Very Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes – Baseline Assessment

Background: Type 1 diabetes in young children is a heavy parental burden. As part of pilot phase of the KIDSAP01 study, we conducted a baseline assessment in parents to study the association between hypoglycemia fear, parental well-being and child behavior. Methods: All parents were invited to fill in baseline questionnaires: hypoglycemia fear survey (HFS), WHO-5, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: 24 children (median age: 5-year, range 1-7 years, 63% male, mean diabetes duration: 3 ± 1.7 years) participated. 23/24 parents filled out the questionnaires. We found a higher score for the hypoglycemia fear behavior 33.9 ± 5.6 compared to hypoglycemia worry 34.6 ± 12.2. Median WHO-5 score was 16 (8 - 22) with poor well-being in two parents. Median daytime sleepiness score was high in five parents (>10). For six children a high total behavioral difficulty score (>16) was reported. Pro social behavior score was lower than normal in six children (<6). Parental well-being was negatively associated with HFS total (r = - 0.50, p <.05) and subscale scores (r = - 0.44, p <.05 for HFS-Worry and HFS-Behavior), child behavior (r = - 0.45, p = .05) and positively with child age and diabetes duration (r = 0.58, p <.01, r = 0.6, p <.01). HFS, parental well-being nor daytime sleepiness are associated with the HbA1c. Conclusion: Regular screening of parental well-being, hypoglycemia fear and child behavior should be part of routine care to target early intervention

Evaluation of Ice and Snow Content in the Global Numerical Weather Prediction Model GME with CloudSat

The present study evaluates the global numerical weather prediction model GME with respect to the grid-scale parameterization of frozen particles, both ice and snow, focusing on the performance of a diagnostic versus a prognostic precipitation scheme. As a reference, CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar observations are utilized – the so far only near-globally available data set which vertically resolves clouds. Both the observation-to-model and the model-to-observation approach are applied and compared to each other. For the latter, the radar simulator QuickBeam is utilized. Criteria are applied to further improve the comparability between model and observations. The two model versions are statistically evaluated for a four-month period. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; The comparison reveals that the prognostic scheme reproduces the shape of the CloudSat frequency distributions for both ice water content (IWC) and reflectivity factor well, while the diagnostic scheme produces no large IWCs or reflectivity factors because snow falls out instantaneously. However, the prognostic scheme overestimates the occurrence of high ice water paths (IWP), especially in the mid-latitudes. Sensitivity tests show that an increased fall speed of snow successfully reduces IWP. Both evaluation approaches capture the general features, but for details, the two together deliver the largest informational content. In case of limited resources, the model-to-observation approach is recommended. Finally, the results indicate that the lack of IWC in most global circulation models might be attributed to the use of diagnostic precipitation schemes, i.e., the lack of snow aloft. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; Based on its good performance the prognostic scheme went into operational mode in February 2010. The adjusted snow fall speed went operational in December 2010. However, continual improvements of the ice microphysics are necessary, which can be assessed by the proposed evaluation technique

Social interactions and interaction partners in infant orang-utans of two wild populations

Temporary associations with conspecifics provide critical opportunities for the acquisition and development of socioecological skills, especially in species where these interaction opportunities are not readily available. In fact, social interactions can have far-reaching consequences for the cultural and communicative repertoire on both the species and population level. However, to what extent interaction rates are linked to association patterns, which depend on individual and ecological factors, is often overlooked. Here, we examined the sources of variation in immatures’ social behaviour, in relation to both activity and partner type, in one Sumatran (Suaq) and one Bornean population (Tuanan) of wild orang-utans (Pongo spp.) that are known to differ in sociability. Specifically, we examined to what extent the time spent in social interactions and with specific social partners was related to study population, but also individual (e.g. age), ecological (food availability) and social variables (e.g. presence of specific associates). Overall, we found that study population and the presence of specific associates (siblings, peers, adult males) had a profound effect on the occurrence of different social activities, while local variation in food availability did not appear to play a major role. Although proportions of time spent in interactions was overall higher at Suaq, we found no difference between the two sites regarding the use of interaction opportunities when partners were available. Begging was mainly directed at mothers, whereas peers and older siblings served primarily as play partners, and unflanged males were frequent targets of social gazing. Our study suggests that orang-utan infants use interaction opportunities differently depending on social partners and interaction type

Play Behavior Varies with Age, Sex, and Socioecological Context in Wild, Immature Orangutans (Pongo spp.)

Play is thought to serve different purposes at different times during ontogeny. The nature and frequency of play are expected to change accordingly over the developmental trajectory and with socio-ecological context. Orangutans offer the opportunity to disentangle the ontogenetic trajectories of solitary and social play with their extended immature phase, and socio-ecological variation among populations and species. We evaluated the frequency of play in 39 immature individuals across two populations (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii, at Tuanan, Borneo, and P. abelii at Suaq, Sumatra), age (0–11 years), sex, and social context, using more than 11 500 h of full-day focal observation data. We found independent age trajectories of different play types, with solitary object and solitary locomotor peaking before social play. Social play partners changed during ontogeny, and male immatures were more likely to engage in non-mother social play than females. Overall, social play was more frequent at Suaq than Tuanan, linked to the more frequent availability of partners. Furthermore, per time in association with conspecifics, Tuanan immatures were as likely to engage in social play as their peers at Suaq, suggesting similar intrinsic motivation. Increasing fruit availability correlated with both longer associations and increased social play frequency in the less sociable population of Tuanan, but not at Suaq. Our findings on orangutans support evidence from other species that different play types follow different developmental trajectories, vary with sex, social opportunities, and ecological context. Although drawing functional inferences is challenging, the distinct developmental trajectories reflecting adult sociability and behavioral repertoires may indicate that play serves several, non-mutually exclusive functions during ontogeny

Large-group one-session treatment

$\textbf {Objective:}$ Exposure based large-group one-session treatments (LG-OSTs) proved feasible in different situational fears and showed promising short- and long-term outcomes. Based on prior LG-OST protocols we explored feasibility and effectiveness of an LG-OST protocol in four cohorts of individuals highly fearful of heights ($\it N$ = 104). Moreover, we aimed to identify predictors of LG-OST outcome in order to provide individualized treatment recommendations in the future. $\textbf {Methods:}$ Participants’ fear of heights was assessed at pre- and post-treatment as well as at 5 months follow-up using questionnaires and a behavioral approach test (BAT). Pre-treatment indices of negative emotional traits and positive mental health, the extent by which fear-evoking expectancies were violated during exposure, and post-treatment group perception processes were assessed in order to predict the outcome. $\textbf {Results:}$ The LG-OST procedure proved feasible and effective in terms of both subjective and behavioral fear of heights. Post-treatment effects sizes of questionnaires assessing fear of heights ranged between $\it d$ = 0.94 – 1.43. After the treatment, about half of the participants (49.5%) were able to ascend an aerial fire ladder up to a maximum of 30 m (vs. pre-treatment 17.3%). Follow up results showed the long-term stability of effects. Among psychological constructs, positive mental health and expectancy violation were the strongest predictors of LG-OST long-term outcome. $\textbf {Conclusion:}$ We conclude that exposure based LG-OSTs are feasible, effective and very efficient compared to individual face-to-face settings. Thus, they represent very promising treatment alternatives for situational fears including fear of heights. Moreover, clinical research may benefit from LG-OST protocols as its high standardization may facilitate the search for mediators and moderators of exposure outcomes

Systemvergleich speicherbarer Energieträger aus erneuerbaren Energien

Im Zuge der Transformation zu einer treibhausgasneutralen Gesellschaft in der zweiten Hälfte des 21. Jahrhunderts wird der Einsatz von synthetischen Energieträgern diskutiert, die auf erneuerbarem Strom oder Biomasse basieren. Dieses Vorhaben bewertet die Umweltwirkungen technischer und logistischer Optionen für die Bereitstellung solcher Energieträger anhand von Umweltwirkungskategorien wie Treibhauspotenzial, Versauerung oder Flächenbedarf. Auf Basis ausgewählter Prozessschritte/Verfahren und deren aktuellen und zukünftigen technischen Daten wurde die Herstellung von fünf Produkten (Fischer-Tropsch-Kraftstoffe, Methanol, synthetisches Erdgas, Biomethan und Wasserstoff) betrachtet. Die Verfügbarkeit erneuerbarer Energiequellen wie Wind oder PV, von Rohstoffen wie Kohlenstoff oder Wasser sowie von Transportrouten nach Deutschland bildeten die Standortfaktoren für Deutschland, Europa und den Mittelmeerraum, mittels derer die Verfahren zu Bereitstellungspfaden für diese Energieträger kombiniert wurden. Mit der Methode der Ökobilanz wurden die Umwelteffekte heute und im Jahr 2050 analysiert sowie Kosten für die Anlagenerrichtung und den Betrieb geschätzt. Demnach weisen synthetische Energieträger aufgrund der Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien in der Regel ein deutlich niedrigeres Treibhauspotenzial als heutige fossile Referenzprodukte auf. Die Herstellung der Stromerzeugungsanlagen und damit verbundene Wirtschaftsprozesse – etwa die Stahl- und die Zementproduktion – können jedoch einen relevanten Beitrag zum Treibhauspotenzial leisten, wenn sie nicht ebenfalls treibhausneutral sind. Gleichzeitig führen vor allem die Herstellung der erforderlichen Anlagen gegenüber der fossilen Referenz zu (mitunter deutlich) erhöhten Belastungen in fast allen anderen Wirkungskategorien, insbesondere im Wasserund Flächenbedarf. Diese Studie liefert somit auch Hinweise, welche Umweltwirkungen zukünftig weiter reduziert werden müssen