Authorsâ reply to the letter to the editor by Sabour

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147224/1/ejp1345.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147224/2/ejp1345_am.pd

Motivation and Independent Persistence in Childhood Food Allergy

Childhood food allergy requires parents to be protective to prevent accidental exposure to potentially fatal allergens. Over time, this protective parenting style may become overgeneralized and negatively impact food allergic children's development of self-regulatory persistence. Video-recorded sessions of 66 food allergic children and 67 healthy age-matched controls (ages 3-7) working on two puzzles alongside their mothers were coded for both maternal and child behaviors. Maternal involvement, children's overall persistence, and children's independent persistence were calculated. Questionnaires of parenting style completed by mothers were also included in analyses. As expected, children's persistence on both the easy and difficult puzzles significantly increased with children's age. However, the food allergic and healthy control groups did not significantly differ in maternal involvement, overall persistence, or independent persistence. Further, exploratory moderation analyses were not supported. Future research should continue to explore parenting behaviors and children's self-regulation in childhood food allergy

The relationship between parental factors, child symptom profile, and persistent postoperative pain interference and analgesic use in children

ObjectivesBoth parental and child factors have been previously associated with persistent or recurrent postoperative pain in children. Yet, little is known about the relative contribution of parent factors or whether child symptom factors might impact the association between parent factors and long- term pain. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between parent factors, child symptomology, and the child’s long- term pain outcomes after surgery.MethodsThis prospective, longitudinal study included parents and their children who were scheduled to undergo spinal fusion for underlying scoliosis. Parents completed baseline surveys about their pain history, pain relief preferences (ie, preference to relieve their child’s pain vs avoid analgesic risks), and pain catastrophizing (ie, beliefs about their child’s pain). Children were classified previously into high vs low symptom profiles at baseline based on their self- reported pain, catastrophizing, fatigue, depression, and anxiety. Children were assessed 1- year after surgery for their long- term pain interference scores and analgesic use. Serial regression modeling was used to explore whether associations between parent factors and the outcomes were changed when accounting for child factors.ResultsSeventy- six parent/child dyads completed all surveys. Parental preferences and catastrophizing were atemporally associated with the child’s baseline psychological- somatic symptom profile. Though parent and child factors were both associated with the long- term pain outcomes, when all three factors were accounted for, the associations between parent factors and long- term pain was fully attenuated by the child’s profile.DiscussionThese findings suggest that the relationship between parent factors and long- term postoperative pain outcomes may be dependent on the child’s symptom profile at baseline. Since there may be bidirectional relationships between parent and child factors, interventions to mitigate long- term pain should address child symptoms as well as parental factors.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163953/1/pan14031_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163953/2/pan14031.pd