Après les frontières, avec la frontière. Nouvelles dynamiques transfrontalières en Europe

International audienceRather that observing that the opening of borders brings the world to do without them, the authors record that the evolution of borders opens a vast thinking exercise on spatial readjustments, jostles the levels of analysis, brings us to reflect upon the question of spatial scales and questions local and national identities. This book reviews the changes in border dynamics and borderlands reorganization, offering three lenses to understand them through:- the notion of “structuring”, covering the forms of institutional building, the expression of discontinuities and multiscalarity in the stakeholders systems;- the notion of “identities”, expresses the fact that borderlands constitute specific identitary spaces where the alterity embodied by the other side of the border can be incorporated to the collective existence; - the notion of “crossings”, based on the mobilities which contribute to the existence of links accross border lines: the latter allow to analyse the border-effects by interpreting the border as a “resource” generating the flows and interactions that shape borderlandsPlutôt que de constater que l’ouverture des frontières amène le monde à se passer d’elles, les auteurs observent que l’évolution des frontières ouvre un vaste chantier territorial qui bouscule les niveaux d’analyse, amène à retravailler la question des échelles territoriales et questionne les identités locales et nationales. Cet ouvrage examine donc les processus de recomposition frontalière et de construction transfrontalière en Europe, proposant de les aborder à travers trois optiques -la notion de «structurations» à savoir les formes de construction institutionnelle, la manifestation de discontinuités ainsi que l'importance multiscalaire du jeu des acteurs;-la notion d' «identités» qui s'entend par le fait que les territoires transfrontaliers constituent des espaces identitaires spécifiques, capables d'incorporer au collectif l'altérité de l'outre frontière ; -la notion de «franchissements» qui se fonde sur les mobilités qui constituent le transfrontalier : ces dernières permettent d’analyser les effets frontières en comprenant la frontière comme une « ressource » qui engendre les flux et interactions constituant les territoires transfrontaliers

L'art aux límites nationales. Petite lecture géopolitique et géosymbolique des productions artistiques des frontières

International audienceArt production is transforming international boundaries in opposed geopolitical contexts: it is assessed on opening borders such as those of the Schengen space, and on closing limits where walls and barriers are now being erected. We question here the materialisation of conventional political limits, considering that the artistic work on the border constitutes a virtual expression of the limit, but also reveals new ways of living and territorialities in borderlands.La transformation artistique de la limite frontalière est attestée dans des contextes d'allègement du contrôle frontalier (espace Schengen) comme dans des contextes de fermeture exacerbée à travers murs et barrières. Paysages, symbolique, intentions et discours implicites sont évidemment différents. Leur rapprochement toutefois montre un même processus de mise en scène de la limite à travers des artefacts artistiques. Celle-ci permet de visualiser et d'inscrire la limite des Etats sur le sol ; elle procède ainsi à une matérialisation des limites politiques conventionnelles. Mais elle révèle plus justement des " territorialités " : modes d'être et de vivre à la frontière. Ainsi, le travail artistique du paysage et/ou de l'objet frontière constitue une expression virtuelle de la limite. C'est ce rapport entre frontière virtuelle et limite matérielle que nous explorons dans ces situations géopolitiques opposées des murs et de l'ouvertur

Efficacy and safety of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention within twelve hours of fibrinolysis.

International audienceOBJECTIVE: To compare clinical outcomes between glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist recipients and nonrecipients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 12 hr of fibrinolysis. BACKGROUND: Despite limited evidence, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists are widely used in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing routine early or rescue PCI after fibrinolysis. METHODS: We evaluated 87 and 556 glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist recipients and nonrecipients enrolled in a regional registry of STEMI between October 2002 and December 2005. The primary efficacy endpoint was a composite of death from any cause, reinfarction, and stroke at 1 year of follow-up. The primary safety endpoint was the rate of in-hospital major bleeding that was not related to coronary artery bypass grafting. RESULTS: The primary efficacy endpoint occurred in 12% (10 of 81) and 13% (72 of 525) of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist recipients and nonrecipients, respectively (P = 0.74). The corresponding rates of major bleeding during index hospitalization were 4.8% (4 of 84) and 5.1% (28 of 544) (P = 0.88), respectively. Two glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist recipients and five nonrecipients experienced intracranial hemorrhage. After adjusting for propensity score, the odds of primary efficacy (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.34-1.83) and safety (odds ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-2.62) endpoints did not differ according to the use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists. CONCLUSION: In this observational cohort study of unselected patients with STEMI, the administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists provided no additional benefit to PCI performed within 12 hr of fibrinolysis, nor did it compromise patient safety

Molecular Characterization of Human-Colonizing Streptococcus agalactiae Strains Isolated from Throat, Skin, Anal Margin, and Genital Body Sites▿

Streptococcus agalactiae carriage was evaluated by sampling four body sites in a group of 249 healthy individuals including both sexes and a wide range of ages; the aims were to study the population structure of colonizing strains by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and to evaluate their diversity by serotyping, SmaI macrorestriction analysis, and PCR screening for genetic markers of highly virulent clones for neonates. The prevalences of carriage were 27% in women and 32% in men. The major positive body site was the genital tract (23% in women and 21% in men); skin, throats, and anal margins were also positive in 2%, 4%, and 14%, respectively. These human-colonizing strains belonged mostly to serotypes III (24%), Ia (21%), V (18%), and Ib (17%). Twenty-three sequence types (STs) were identified. The MLST characteristics of the strains isolated from a single anatomic site—genital (vagina [women] or from a sample of the first urination after arising from a night's sleep [men]), throat, skin, or anal margin—suggest a body site colonization specificity for particular STs: strains of STs 2, 10, 19, and 196 were isolated only from genital sites; strains of STs 1, 8, and 23 were isolated more frequently from throat florae; and strains recovered only from anal margin samples were more closely related to strains isolated from throats than to those from genital sites. Most strains of STs 1, 8, and 23—STs that are increasingly described as being responsible for adult infections—did not carry any markers of strains virulent for neonates, suggesting that the virulence of these strains is probably associated with other genetic determinants. In addition, the genetic diversities of the strains varied between STs: STs 2, 8, 10, 23, and 196 were the most diverse; STs 1 and 19 were more homogeneous; and ST 17 strains formed three distant groups