Comparative Analysis of Branch Diameter Variations in ’Cherry Gala’ Apple Trees

This study presents a detailed characterization of the branch architecture of the ’Cherry Gala’ apple variety, conducted in Azrou region, Morocco, with a focus on two distinct stages of growth. The main objective was to measure and analyze the diameters at the base and extremity of various architectural components, including the trunk, scaffold branches, and specific fruit-bearing structures like dard, bourse, and fruiting spurs. Our analysis revealed that the variation in diameter at the base was not significantly different between stages for fruiting spurs and dard, but was significant for bourse. Conversely, the diameter at the extremity showed significant variation for fruiting spurs and bourse, but not for dard. Additionally, the study found a predominance of bearing branches, which constituted 44% of the total. However, crowned twigs, simple twigs, and woody twigs, representing only 5% of the branches, were excluded from the analysis due to their low numbers. The study also established significant correlations between the base and extremity diameters across different types of branches. These findings provide valuable insights into the structural dynamics of ’Cherry Gala’ apple trees, which could be instrumental in optimizing orchard management practices and enhancing yield predictions. Future research could benefit from incorporating these structural aspects with fruit production data for a more holistic understanding of apple tree growth and productivit

Characterization of the length and the distance of insertion of the branches of apple trees

The current study focused on the branches Cherry Gala variety of apple in Azrouregion.The objective is to characterize the length and the insertion distance of different structures of apple trees based on nondestructive and exhaustive measurements of the branches. In total 2982 branches were identified and measured in the two stages (stage 1, stage 2) on different 6 levels present at each stage known as A, B, C, D, E, and F. The length of the branches in each stage and level was classified into 1 to 5 homogeneous classes. The length of vegetative branch variation was not significant between stages 1 and 2 but the insertion distance was significant for level D and not for levels A, B, and C. For five different length structures bearing fruit, the variation was significantly different for B, C, and D levels between stages 1 and 2 (length of fruiting spurs/ Dard/ Bourse; insertion distance of Dard and Bourse). The analysis showed that the length of the branches decreases while passing from one first stage to the second. The average branch length for stage 1 is 4,84 cm against 4,05 cm for stage 2. In each stage, the length decreases progressively while passing from one level to a higher level, except for level E of stage 1 and levels E and F of stage 2

Advancing knowledge about restricted irrigation strategies on commercial peach plantation under Mediterranean condition

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different restricted irrigation strategies on peach trees. Sustainable and regulated deficit irrigation treatments were applied during the 2018/2019 production season in a commercial plot of “Bénédicte” variety located at the Atlas Mountain’s region of Morocco. Five different treatments were tested: T1, T2 and T3 with an application of respectively 125% (over-irrigation), 100% (control) and 75% (deficit-irrigation) of Crop Water Requirement (CWR) throughout the whole crop cycle; These treatments were classified under Sustainable Deficit Irrigation treatments (SDI). Regulated Deficit Irrigation treatments (RDI) comprising of treatments T4, and T5 which correspond respectively to applications of 75% ETc and 50% ETc during the pit hardening stage (PH), and 100% ETc during the rest of the cycle. The results showed that deficient irrigation treatments had no effect on vegetative growth parameters.A downward trend in average fruit weight and size at harvest was observed in the T3 treatment. A significant increase in sugar content was observed in T3 and T5 compared to the control T2. With regard to biochemical parameters, the deficient treatment (T5) recorded the highest proline content in response to water stress, followed by T3 and T4. Therewas no significant difference between the crop yields under SDI and RDI treatments, but T4 produced arelatively higher yield of 47 T/Haamong the treatments.Thisled to the water use efficiency (WUE) performance ranking: T3 with 10.63 kg/m3, T4 (75% PH) was in second place with a WUE of 9.6 kg/m3, finally T5 with an efficiency of 9.35 kg/m3

Diameter characterization of the principal architectural structures for the Nectarine tree before flowering

This study aims to describe the variation of the diameter in architecture structure of Nectarine fruit trees located in Sefrou region. This characterization was realized before flowering by metric exhaustive and non-destructive measurements of all architectural organ to the supporting organs of fructification. The study conducted on Nectarine variety of Spring Bright, by measuring diameter of different tree structures: 10 trunk, 40 frames, 1234 underframes from level 1 to level 6 and 1250 of mixed branches for 10 trees that have been labelled and numbered. The characterization of the tree revealed the logic of the plant’s construction, the diameters of the frames and their distribution were grouped in three to four homogeneous classes. The diameter was between 226,97 (trunk) and 7.31 (Mixt branch) mm with a standard deviation between 2.47 for mixt branch up to 23,29 for 1sts under frames .The diameter of the structure of a level is always lower than that of the superior level, but the comparison between the successive structure tree present a regressive diminution percentage in diameter. The diameter of different structures is homogeneous, with a low variability in all levels of the tree structures of Nectarine tree studied

Characterization of the tree length structure of the Nectarine tree before flowering by metric measurements in Sefrou, Morocco

This study aims to describe the architecture of Nectarine fruit trees located in Sefrou region. This characterization concerned the length variation of all the tree structure before flowering by metric exhaustive and non-destructive measurements. The study conducted on Nectarine variety of Spring Bright, by measuring 10 trunk, 40 frames, 157 1st underframe, 280 2nd underframe, 361 3rd underframe, 308 4th underframe, 134 5th underframe and 1250 of mixed branches, that have been labelled and numbered. The characterization of the tree revealed the underlying logic of the plant’s construction, The lengths, decrease from scaffold to 5th level under frame but it experiences a 357% increase in length ratio for the mixed branch due to its role as the primary fructification structure. This type of distribution is logic for the goblet training pruning program. The mean number of structure evolution was (scaffold) 4/(1st level) 4/(2nd level)1/3rd level 2/(mixt branch) 9 . The raw length data was not homogeneous probably due to the pruning effect, so they were grouped in three to four class to enhance the homogeneity