Case Histories of Designing Tunnel Linings in Seismic Regions

The original approach to the problem of designing tunnel linings upon the seismic effects consisting in the determination of the most unfavourable stress state in the every lining normal section at different combinations and any directions of long longitudinal and shear waves propagating in the plane of the lining cross-section is described in the paper presented. The analytical methods and corresponding computer programs based on that approach have been developed for the design of tunnel linings of an arbitrary cross-section shape, circular linings inducting the multi-layer ones of the complex of parallel mutually influencing tunnels etc. Two case histories of applying those methods at the design and construction of the railway tunnel and six parallel vertical turbine shafts of the hydro-electric power- station are given

Lining Design for Alborz Tunnel in Iran

The paper describes the application of analytical methods if tunnel linings design under static, tectonic and seismic effects for the design of the transport tunnel Albors in Iran. The methods are based on solutions of the corresponding plane problems of the elasticity theory simulating the initial stress fields in the rock mass caused by gravitational or tectonic forces and actions of long arbitrary directed longitudinal (P) and shear (S) waves propagating in the plane of the tunnel cross-section. For the design of tunnel linings under seismic effects the original approach has been applied consisting in the determination of maximal compressive and tensile circumferential stresses wich may appear in points of the lining internal outline at any combinations and directions of P- and S- waves

Design of Tunnels Located Near Slopes in Seismic Areas

The original approach to the problem of designing circular tunnel linings located near slopes upon seismic effects consisting in the determination of the most unfavourable stress state in the every lining radial section at different combinations and any directions of long longitudinal and shear waves propagating in the plane of the tunnel cross-section is described in the paper presented. The analytical methods of determining the tunnel lining stress state caused by static loads namely by the rock own weight and the vertical load uniformly distributed on the part of the inclined straight boundary simulating the weight of building or structure on the surface are also described

Identification and assessment of geohazards affecting pipelines and urban areas

The paper addresses methods and criteria of risk assessment associated with land subsidence threatening pipelines, buildings, and constructions. Currently, there are some practical issues relating to geohazards that should be taken into account while constructing a pipeline. The article provides comparison data on the effects of Spitak earthquake and the natural disaster in Neftegorsk in terms of geohazards impact on the pipeline systems. The suggested risk assessment procedure embraces a wide range of aspects: from soil properties to economic and management issues

Stan naprężenia i nośność obudów tuneli płytkich poddanych wpływowi pobliskich budynków

The paper describes a new analytical method of designing shallow tunnel linings of an arbitrary cross-section shape undergoing the influence of buildings both erected nearby the already existing tunnel and constructed before the tunnel driving. The method is based on analytical solutions of the corresponding elasticity theory plane problems for a heavy semi-infinite medium weakened by a supported opening. The approximate technique is proposed for taking the 3-D character of problems into account caused by limited sizes of buildings in the direction along the tunnel axis and by the location of several buildings on some distances between them in this direction. It gives a possibility to determine the stress state and evaluate the lining bearing capacity in different cross-section along the tunnel axis. Example of the design are given.Artykuł opisuje nową metodę analityczną projektowania obudów tuneli płytkich o dowolnym przekroju poprzecznym poddanych wpływowi budynków wzniesionych w pobliżu istniejącego tunelu lub wykonanych przed drążeniem tunelu. Metoda jest oparta na analitycznych rozwiązaniach odpowiednich płaskich zagadnień teorii sprężystości dla ważkiego półnieskończonego ośrodka osłabionego podpartym otworem. Zaproponowano przybliżoną technikę rozwiązania dla uwzględnienia charakteru przestrzennego (3-D) zadania spowodowanego ograniczonymi wymiarami budynków w kierunku osi tunelu oraz lokalizacją szeregu oddalonych od siebie budynków w kierunku tej osi. Stwarza to możliwość określenia stanu naprężenia oraz wyznaczenia nośności obudowy tunelu w różnych przekrojach wzdłuż jego osi. Podano przykłady obliczeń

Stan naprężenia obudów tuneli wielokrotnych, wykonanych w obszarach miejskich z zastosowaniem iniekcji

A method for the design of multiple circular tunnel linings constructed in built-up areas with the application of soil grouting developed at Tula State University is described in the paper presented. The method allows the stress state and bearing capacity of linings to be evaluated under the actions of the soil own weight and the weight of buildings or structures both existing on the surface before the tunnels driving and erected nearly to the already exploited tunnels. The method is based on analytical solutions of corresponding plane problems of elasticity theory and is added by a special technique for approximate taking the 3D character of surface loads into account, caused by limited sizes of buildings in the direction along the tunnel axes and by spatial locations of several buildings in this direction. This approximate approach as well as a possibility of applying the linear solutions for tunnel linings calculations has been validated by comparison of the results obtained with the data from physical and 3D nonlinear numerical modelling. The corresponding software has been developed. Examples of the design are given.W prezentowanym artykule opisano metodę projektowania obudów tuneli wielokrotnych o przekroju kołowym wykonywanych w obszarach zabudowanych z użyciem iniekcji gruntu, opracowaną w Państwowym Uniwersytecie w Tule. Metoda pozwala na określenie stanu naprężenia i nośności obudowy tuneli pod obciążeniem ciężaru własnego gruntu oraz budynków lub konstrukcji na powierzchni wykonanych przed drążeniem tunelu lub po jego wydrążeniu. Metoda oparta jest na analitycznych rozwiązaniach płaskich problemów teorii sprężystości i jest uzupełniona specjalną techniką przybliżonego uwzględniania przestrzennego charakteru obciążeń powierzchniowych spowodowanych ograniczonymi wymiarami budynków w kierunku osi tunelu oraz ich wzajemnym usytuowaniem. To przybliżone podejście oraz możliwość zastosowania liniowych rozwiązań w obliczeniach obudów tuneli została zweryfikowana przez porównanie wyników otrzymanych z danych pochodzących z fizycznego i trójwymiarowego nieliniowego modelowania numerycznego. Opracowano odpowiednie oprogramowanie i przedstawiono przykłady obliczeń