Oral History Interview with J. Fagg Foster, August 28, 1967

Interview with J. Fagg Foster, from Blue Ridge, Texas. The interview includes Foster's involvement in the Rainey controversy while he was a graduate assistant at the University of Texas, 1944-45

Evidence for rapid groundwater flow and karst-type behaviour in the Chalk of southern England

With the growing importance of groundwater protection, there is increasing concern about the possibility of rapid groundwater flow in the Chalk of southern England and therefore in the frequency and distribution of ‘karstic’ features. Pumping test data, although useful in quantifying groundwater resources and regional flow, give little information on groundwater flow at a local scale. Evidence for rapid groundwater flow is gathered from other, less quantifiable methods. Nine different strands of evidence are drawn together: tracer tests; observations from Chalk caves; Chalk boreholes that pump sand; descriptions of adits; the nature of water-level fluctuations; the Chichester flood; the nature of the surface drainage; geomorphological features; and the presence of indicator bacteria in Chalk boreholes. Although the evidence does not prove the widespread existence of karstic features, it does suggest that rapid groundwater flow should be considered seriously throughout the Chalk. Rapid groundwater flow is generally more frequent close to Palaeogene cover and may also be associated with other forms of cover and valley bottoms

L-[ 3

Abstract: The excitatory glutamate analogs quisqualate and ibotenate were employed to distinguish multiple binding sites for l‐[3H]glutamate on freshly prepared hippocampal synaptic membranes. The fraction of bound radioligand that was displaceable by 5 μM quisqualate was termed GLU A binding. That which persisted in the presence of 5 μM quisqualate, but was displaceable by 100 μM ibotenate, was termed GLU B binding. GLU A binding equilibrated within 5 min and remained unchanged for up to 80 min. GLU B binding appeared to equilibrate at least as rapidly, but incubation with ligand unmasked latent binding sites. Saturation binding curves were best fitted by single exponentials, which yielded Kd values of about 200 nM (GLU A) and 1 μM (GLU B). On the average, GLU B binding sites were about twice as abundant in these membranes as were GLU A sites. Rapid freezing of the membranes, followed by storage at ‐26°C and rapid thawing markedly diminished GLU A binding, but nearly tripled GLU B binding. Both sites bound l‐glutamate with 10–30 times the affinity of d‐glutamate. The GLU A site also bound l‐glutamate with about 10 times the affinity of l‐aspartate and discriminated poorly between l‐ and d‐aspartate. In contrast, the GLU B site bound l‐aspartate with an affinity similar to that for l‐glutamate, and with an order‐of‐magnitude greater affinity than d‐aspartate. The structural specificities of the GLU A and GLU B binding sites suggest that these sites may correspond to receptors on hippocampal pyramidal cell dendrites that are activated by iontophoretically applied l‐glutamate. Copyright © 1983, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserve