Introdução alimentar convencional versus introdução alimentar com baby-led weaning (BLW): Revisão da literatura

A introdução alimentar deve ocorrer de forma lenta e gradual, respeitando a individualidade do bebê e da família. A alimentação complementar deve atender as necessidades energéticas em complementação ao leite materno além de ser variada, garantindo aporte nutricional de vitaminas e minerais necessários para o crescimento do bebê.O objetivo do artigo é comparar dois métodos de introdução alimentar, o método tradicional que prevê a oferta de alimentos através de papas e purês, e o método de desmame guiado pelo bebê (BLW), onde a criança recebe o alimento em formas de bastões, se alimentando sozinho, promovendo assim a autonomia alimentar.A presente revisão demonstrou que método BLW pode ser uma boa alternativa para iniciar a alimentação infantil. O essencial para os pais é saber que independentemente do método escolhido para iniciar a alimentação do bebê, o acompanhamento com pediatra e/ou nutricionista é importante para garantir as necessidades nutricionais desta fase.Palavras chave: Introdução alimentar, alimentação complementar, beby led-weaning;A introdução alimentar deve ocorrer de forma lenta e gradual, respeitando a individualidade do bebê e da família. A alimentação complementar deve atender as necessidades energéticas em complementação ao leite materno além de ser variada, garantindo aporte nutricional de vitaminas e minerais necessários para o crescimento do bebê.O objetivo do artigo é comparar dois métodos de introdução alimentar, o método tradicional que prevê a oferta de alimentos por meio de papas e purês, e o método de desmame guiado pelo bebê (BLW), onde a criança recebe o alimento em formas de bastões, se alimentando sozinho, promovendo assim a autonomia alimentar.A presente revisão demonstrou que o método BLW pode ser uma boa alternativa para iniciar a alimentação infantil. O essencial para os pais é saber que independentemente do método escolhido para iniciar a alimentação do bebê, o acompanhamento com pediatra e/ou nutricionista é importante para garantir as necessidades nutricionais desta fase.Palavras-chave: Introdução alimentar; alimentação complementar; baby-led weanin

Dietary patterns of adults with asthma treated at a referral center for asthma

Objectives: To assess the association between dietary patterns, nutritional status and asthma control in patients treated at a referral center for asthma in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 198 adult asthma patients. Participants answered 24h food recall and questionnaire of the history of the disease, degree of control and severity, in addition to performing pulmonary and anthropometric assessments. We used exploratory factor analysis and extraction of the factors the method of analysis of main components to derive the dietary patterns. Results: The mean of body mass index was 29.6 ± 5.7 kg/m²; and 41.9% were classified as obese. Regarding the severity of the disease, 72.7% were classified as having severe persistent asthma. The degree of control, 59.6% of patients had uncontrolled asthma. Three dietary patterns were identified: "Sugars", "Healthy", "Fats and Alcohol." It was observed in this study, that the Fat and Alcohol pattern was significantly associated with male gender. However, no associations were observed between the other variables and dietary patterns. Conclusion: This study was the first to identify the dietary patterns in asthmatics in Brazil. Patterns found in the present study were “Sugars”, “Healthy” and “Fats and Alcohol”. However, not a significant association between the three standards and nutritional status and disease control

Asthma control, lung function, nutritional status, and health-related quality of life : differences between adult males and females with asthma

Objective: To evaluate health-related quality of life in asthma patients treated at a referral center in southern Brazil, identifying differences between male and female patients, as well as to evaluate differences between the males and females in terms of asthma control, lung function, and nutritional status. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving patients ≥ 18 years of age treated at an asthma outpatient clinic. We evaluated clinical parameters, lung function, nutritional status, and quality of life. Results: A total of 198 patients completed the study. The mean age was 56.2 ± 14.8 years, and 81.8% were female. The proportion of patients with uncontrolled asthma was higher among females than among males (63.0% vs. 44.4%; p = 0.041). The body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat were higher in females than in males (30.2 ± 5.8 kg/m2 vs. 26.9 ± 4.5 kg/m2 and 37.4 ± 6.4% vs. 26.5 ± 7.4%; p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). Quality of life was lower in females than in males in the following domains: symptoms (3.8 ± 1.5 vs. 4.6 ± 1.7; p = 0.006); activity limitation (3.6 ± 1.3 vs. 4.4 ± 1.5; p = 0.001); emotional function (3.6 ± 1.9 vs. 4.5 ± 1.7; p = 0.014); and environmental stimuli (3.2 ± 1.6 vs. 4.3 ± 1.9; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Male asthma patients appear to fare better than do female asthma patients in terms of health-related quality of life, asthma control, BMI, percentage of body fat, and comorbidities

Consumo alimentar e estado nutricional de carteiros pedestres de Porto Alegre

Introdução: O aumento da prevalência de excesso de peso e o inadequado consumo alimentar têm sido uma preocupação frequente entre os trabalhadores brasileiros. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar de carteiros pedestres de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Estudo de caráter transversal com trabalhadores dos Correios de Porto Alegre. O estado nutricional foi obtido a partir de dados de altura, peso e circunferências da cintura e do pescoço. Foi utilizado um questionário de frequência alimentar adaptado e dois recordatórios de 24 horas para avaliação do consumo alimentar. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 203 carteiros, dos quais 74,5% eram homens. A média de idade foi de 41,0 ± 11,28 anos. Observou-se que a maioria dos carteiros apresentou excesso de peso (63,6%), sendo 85 (41,9%) com sobrepeso e 44 (21,7%) com obesidade. Os alimentos consumidos pelo menos três vezes por semana pela maioria dos participantes foram carne vermelha, feijão, verduras, frutas e refrigerantes ou sucos artificiais. Por outro lado, os alimentos consumidos menos de uma vez por semana foram peixes e sucos de frutas naturais. Conclusão: Constatou-se uma alta taxa de excesso de peso entre os carteiros pedestres de Porto Alegre. Além disso, observou-se um elevado consumo de carne vermelha, refrigerantes e sucos artificiais, e dos nutrientes sódio e cobre, e baixo consumo de peixes, dos ácidos graxos ômega-3 e ômega-6, e dos minerais potássio e magnésio. Portanto, enfatiza-se a necessidade de promoção de atividades que visem a educação nutricional nessa população.Introduction: Increased prevalence of overweight and inadequate dietary intake have become a serious concern among Brazilian workers. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the nutritional status and the dietary intake of mail carriers in Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with Porto Alegre’s mail carriers. Nutritional status was obtained using data on height, weight, and waist and neck circumferences. Dietary intake was evaluated by an adapted food frequency questionnaire and two 24-hour dietary recalls. Results: A total of 203 mail carriers were interviewed, of which 74.5% were men. Mean age was 41.0 ± 11.28 years. Most mail carriers showed excessive weight (63.6%) – 85 (41.9%) were overweight and 44 (21.7%) were obese. Foods consumed at least three times a week by most participants were red meat, beans, vegetables, fruits and soft drinks or artificial juices. Conversely, foods consumed less than once a week were fish and natural juices. Conclusions: There was a high rate of overweight among mail carriers in Porto Alegre. In addition, high consumption of red meat, soft drinks, artificial juices, and sodium and copper, and low consumption of fish, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and potassium and magnesium were observed. Therefore, there is a strong need to promote activities aimed at the nutritional education of this population

Dietary patterns of adults with asthma treated at a referral center for asthma

Introduction: Consumption of foods with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant components could contribute to a better control of the asthma. The aim of this study was to assess the association between dietary patterns, nutritional status, and asthma control in patients treated at an asthma referral center in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 198 adult asthma patients. Participants completed a 24-hour food recall and a questionnaire on disease history, degree of control, and severity, as well as pulmonary and anthropometric assessments. We used exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis as an extraction method to derive the dietary patterns. Results: The mean body mass index was 29.6 (SD, 5.7) kg/m², and 41.9% were classified as obese. Regarding disease severity, 72.7% were classified as having severe persistent asthma, and concerning the degree of control, 59.6% of the patients had uncontrolled asthma. Three dietary patterns were identified: “Sugars”, “Healthy”, and “Fats and Alcohol”. It was observed that the Fats and Alcohol pattern was significantly associated with men. However, no associations were observed between the other variables and dietary patterns. Conclusion: This was the first study to identify the dietary patterns in asthmatics in Brazil. Patterns found in the present study were “Sugars”, “Healthy” and “Fats and Alcohol”. However, there was no significant association between the 3 patterns and nutritional status or disease control

Intake of oral photoprotectors by postmen in Porto Alegre

Introduction: Postmen are daily exposed to high levels of solar radiation, and lack of protection can result in many health damages. The present study aimed to identify cutaneous phototypes and evaluate the intake of oral photoprotectors by postmen. Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out from August 2011 to December 2012 in the city of Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Socioeconomic and behavioral data regarding daily solar exposure were collected through a questionnaire. To evaluate the intake of beta-carotene, lycopene and omega-3, two 24-hour dietary recalls were applied. Cutaneous phototypes were assessed by Fitzpatrick’s classification.  Results: A total of 181 postmen were analyzed, whose mean age was 40.2±11.4 years old, and 140 (77.3%) were male. The cutaneous phototypes II, III and IV were the most prevalent (n=138), totaling 76.3% of the sample. The median for the oral photoprotectors intake was 1.16 mg (0.46 – 2.29) of beta-carotene, 3.60 mg (1.01 – 6.31) of lycopene and 0.95 g (0.61 – 1.45) of n-3 fatty acids, all values significantly lower than the minimal doses to obtain photoprotective effect (p<0.001). The individuals in the group of phototypes V and VI showed lower adherence to the use of sunscreen and lower intake of beta-carotene, comparing to the other groups. Conclusions: The intake of oral photoprotectors is low in this population. Future studies may evaluate the real effect of oral photoprotectors, so that preventive measures using this approach can be included in photoprotection education actions for outdoor workers. Keywords: Diet; food and nutrition; skin aging; skin neoplasms; occupational healt

Tradução e adaptação cultural do Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in Children and Adolescents

Objetivo: Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente a escala do Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in Children and Adolescent (KIDMED) para a população brasileira. Métodos: Os processos de tradução e adaptação cultural seguiram normas metodológicas padronizadas internacionalmente. A reprodutibilidade foi avaliada pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse e pela análise de dispersão de Bland-Altman, e a consistência interna foi calculada pelo coeficiente de Cronbach. Resultados: Participaram da etapa de adaptação transcultural 102 crianças e adolescentes, sendo 58 (56,9%) meninas com idade média de 9,8±4,9 anos. Os escores totais médio de aderência à dieta mediterrânea no teste e no reteste foram semelhantes (8,00 e 3,80 versus 8,01 e 3,84) para as crianças e os adolescentes, respectivamente. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse para as crianças e os adolescentes foi de 0,893 e 0,998, respectivamente. A consistência interna obtida foi de 0,72. A análise do gráfico de Bland-Altman demonstrou boa concordância entre os escores finais dos questionários de teste e de reteste, sem diferença estatisticamente significativa. Conclusões: O questionário KIDMED foi traduzido e adaptado culturalmente para a língua portuguesa do Brasil, apresentando alta reprodutibilidade. Esse questionário pode ser, portanto, incluído e utilizado em estudos brasileiros que visem avaliar a aderência à dieta mediterrânea de crianças e adolescentes.Objective: To translate and culturally adapt the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in Children and Adolescent (KIDMED) for the Brazilian population. Methods: The processes of translation and cultural adaptation followed internationally standardized methodological norms. We used the intraclass correlation coefficient and the Bland-Altman dispersion analysis to assess the reproducibility and calculated the internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Results: A total of 102 children and adolescents participated in the cross-cultural adaptation, of whom 58 (56.9%) were females, with a mean age of 9.8±4.9 years. The mean overall scores of adherence to the Mediterranean diet in the test and retest were similar (8.00 and 3.80 versus 8.01 and 3.84) for children and adolescents, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient for children and adolescents was 0.893 and 0.998, respectively. The internal consistency was 0.72. The Bland-Altman plot analysis showed good agreement between the final scores of the test and retest questionnaires, with no statistically significant difference. Conclusions: The KIDMED questionnaire was translated into Brazilian Portuguese and culturally adapted, presenting high reproducibility. This questionnaire can, therefore, be included and used in Brazilian studies that aim at evaluating the adherence to the Mediterranean diet among children and adolescents