Bounds for Non-Locality Distillation Protocols

Non-locality can be quantified by the violation of a Bell inequality. Since this violation may be amplified by local operations an alternative measure has been proposed - distillable non-locality. The alternative measure is difficult to calculate exactly due to the double exponential growth of the parameter space. In this article we give a way to bound the distillable non-locality of a resource by the solutions to a related optimization problem. Our upper bounds are exponentially easier to compute than the exact value and are shown to be meaningful in general and tight in some cases.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures; small changes in introduction and application section due to the exact verification of distillation bounds using a symbolic computation package (Maple 14); added journal re

Impact of incomplete ionization of dopants on the electrical properties of compensated p-type silicon

This paper investigates the importance of incomplete ionization of dopants in compensated p-type Si and its impact on the majority-carrier density and mobility and thus on the resistivity. Both theoretical calculations and temperature-dependent Hall-effect measurements demonstrate that the carrier density is more strongly affected by incomplete ionization in compensated Si than in uncompensated Si with the same net doping. The previously suggested existence of a compensation-specific scattering mechanism to explain the reduction of mobility in compensated Si is shown not to be consistent with the T-dependence of the measuredcarrier mobility. The experiment also shows that, in the vicinity of 300 K, the resistivity of compensated Si has a much weaker dependence on temperature than that of uncompensated silicon

Violating Displaced Persons Human Rights And Impairing The Quality Of Human Resources

Each year wars force several millions of people to leave their homes to join the ranks of displaced persons (DPs). Displaced women and children are particularly vulnerable to risks of physical abuses. The loss in current and future human resource quality caused by abuses suffered by DPs is an extreme version of the well-known brain drain phenomenon. The paper considers the psychological damage inflicted upon DPs, the possible effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the consequent damage to human resource quality

The Machine Stops

The Machine Stops describes a world in which almost all humans have lost the ability to live on the surface of the Earth. Each individual lives in isolation in a \u27cell\u27, with all bodily and spiritual needs met by the omnipotent, global Machine. Most humans welcome this development, as they are skeptical and fearful of first-hand experience. People forget that humans created the Machine, and treat it as a mystical entity whose needs supersede their own. Those who do not accept the deity of the Machine are viewed as \u27unmechanical\u27 and are threatened with Homelessness . With humans being highly dependable on the Machine, what would happen if the Machine stops

Dehydration in Southern Toads (Anaxyrus terrestris): Metabolic Costs and Effects of Temperature Selection

Southern toads (Anaxyrus terrestris) are ectothermic terrestrial amphibians. As such they are sensitive to thermal and hydric variability. The interactive effect of hydration state and body temperature is not well understood. The aim of this study is to determine if the costs of dehydration vary at different temperatures and if so, whether toads will select different temperatures to minimize these costs. Costs of dehydration were evaluated by measuring metabolic rate at 100% and 85% hydration state, at 30 and 20 oC. Temperature selection of toads at 100% and 85% hydration state was measured using a thermal gradient. Body temperature, but not hydration state, was determined to have a significant effect on metabolic rate. No significant difference in temperature selection was found between toads at 100% and 85% hydration state. Thus, thermoregulatory behavior as influenced by hydration state could not be predicted in Anaxyrus terrestris

The Machine Stops

The Machine Stops describes a world in which almost all humans have lost the ability to live on the surface of the Earth. Each individual lives in isolation in a \u27cell\u27, with all bodily and spiritual needs met by the omnipotent, global Machine. Most humans welcome this development, as they are skeptical and fearful of first-hand experience. People forget that humans created the Machine, and treat it as a mystical entity whose needs supersede their own. Those who do not accept the deity of the Machine are viewed as \u27unmechanical\u27 and are threatened with Homelessness . With humans being highly dependable on the Machine, what would happen if the Machine stops

Energy Harvesting From Exercise Machines: Buck-Boost Converter Design

This report details the design and implementation of a switching DC-DC converter for use in the Energy Harvesting From Exercise Machines (EHFEM) project. It uses a four-switch, buck-boost topology to regulate the wide, 5-60 V output of an elliptical machine to 36 V, suitable as input for a microinverter to reclaim the energy for the electrical grid. Successful implementation reduces heat emissions from electrical energy originally wasted as heat, and facilitates a financial and environmental benefit from reduced net energy consumption

Ventilatory Phenotypes among Four Strains of Adult Rats.

Our purpose in this study was to identify different ventilatory phenotypes among four different strains of rats. We examined 114 rats from three in-house, inbred strains and one outbred strain: Brown Norway (BN;n = 26), Dahl salt-sensitive (n = 24), Fawn-hooded Hypertensive (FHH: n = 27), and outbred Sprague-Dawley rats (SD; n = 37). We measured eupneic (room air) breathing and the ventilatory responses to hypoxia (12% O2-88% N2), hypercapnia (7% CO2), and two levels of submaximal exercise. Primary strain differences were between BN and the other strains. BN rats had a relatively attenuated ventilatory response to CO2 (P \u3c 0.001), an accentuated ventilatory response to exercise (P \u3c 0.05), and an accentuated ventilatory roll-off during hypoxia (P \u3c 0.05). Ventilation during hypoxia was lower than other strains, but hyperventilation during hypoxia was equal to the other strains (P \u3e 0.05), indicating that the metabolic rate during hypoxia decreased more in BN rats than in other strains. Another strain difference was in the frequency and timing components of augmented breaths, where FHH rats frequently differed from the other strains, and the BN rats had the longest expiratory time of the augmented breaths (probably secondary to the blunted CO2 sensitivity). These strain differences not only provide insight into physiological mechanisms but also indicate traits (such as CO2 sensitivity) that are genetically regulated. Finally, the data establish a foundation for physiological genomic studies aimed at elucidating the genetics of these ventilatory control mechanisms

Fractional Operators, Dirichlet Averages, and Splines

Fractional differential and integral operators, Dirichlet averages, and splines of complex order are three seemingly distinct mathematical subject areas addressing different questions and employing different methodologies. It is the purpose of this paper to show that there are deep and interesting relationships between these three areas. First a brief introduction to fractional differential and integral operators defined on Lizorkin spaces is presented and some of their main properties exhibited. This particular approach has the advantage that several definitions of fractional derivatives and integrals coincide. We then introduce Dirichlet averages and extend their definition to an infinite-dimensional setting that is needed to exhibit the relationships to splines of complex order. Finally, we focus on splines of complex order and, in particular, on cardinal B-splines of complex order. The fundamental connections to fractional derivatives and integrals as well as Dirichlet averages are presented