Resource Allocation for Downlink Multi-Cell OFDMA Cognitive Radio Network Using Hungarian Method

This paper considers the problem of resource allocation for downlink part of an OFDM-based multi-cell cognitive radio network which consists of multiple secondary transmitters and receivers communicating simultaneously in the presence of multiple primary users. We present a new framework to maximize the total data throughput of secondary users by means of subchannel assignment, while ensuring interference leakage to PUs is below a threshold. In this framework, we first formulate the resource allocation problem as a nonlinear and non-convex optimization problem. Then we represent the problem as a maximum weighted matching in a bipartite graph and propose an iterative algorithm based on Hungarian method to solve it. The present contribution develops an efficient subchannel allocation algorithm that assigns subchannels to the secondary users without the perfect knowledge of fading channel gain between cognitive radio transmitter and primary receivers. The performance of the proposed subcarrier allocation algorithm is compared with a blind subchannel allocation as well as another scheme with the perfect knowledge of channel-state information. Simulation results reveal that a significant performance advantage can still be realized, even if the optimization at the secondary network is based on imperfect network information

Catatonia: extinct, lost, or forgotten?

Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that occurs in some primary psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, mood disorders), or due to general medical conditions (e.g., neurological disorders, drug poisoning, metabolic disorders) (1). Although it is uncommon, but if it goes unrecognized in medical and surgical units (2), it can increase morbidity and mortality. Moreover, making a connection between signs observed across different systems (the motor, somatic, and psychiatric symptoms) could lead to misdiagnosis and a delay in treatment (3)

CD4+ immune response to cytomegalovirus (CMV) in healthy carriers and hematological malignancies

Background and aim: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infects the majority of human population in their life time and triggers strong immune responses from all arms of the immune system. However the cellular immune response is the major mechanism by which CMV replication is controlled. CMV-specific CD4+ T cells have a substantial role in maintenance of CMV-specific CD8+ T cell response. The aim of the study was an overview of CD4+T cell response to CMV in healthy donors and patients with hematological malignancies. Methods: In this review, abstract or full text articles related to CMV-specific CD4+ T cell response, published during 1990 until 2010, were collected from the Medline. The Persian articles were searched through the IranMedex database and used if they were appropriate. Results: In chronic infection, the CMV-specific CD4+ T cells secrete interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). CMV-specific CD4+ response increases with age and the response has been up to 32% with intracellular cytokine detection technique. The cells have also lower activation threshold. The CMV-specific CD4+ T cell response increases and comprises up to 47% of whole CD4+ compartment in patients who received hematopoietic stem cells transplants. It was up to 44% in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients and broad phenotyping alterations have also been observed in relation to CMV-seropositivity. Conclusion: Considering the high level of CMV-specific CD4+ T cell response, the viral replication can be controlled and the reactivation can be prevented. Because of the possibility of intracellular cytokine, it is now possible to determine the phenotype of the cells. Therefore, CMV has served as an excellent model for effectors-memory phenotype studies and could be a possible tool in the way to achieve immunotherapy

CLOSE RELATIONSHIP OF CAROTID INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY AND EJECTION FRACTION IN END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE PATIENTS UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT

Background- Two principal findings of cardiovascular disease in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing regular hemodialysis are left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and arterial disease due to rapidly progressive atherosclerotic vascular disease that can be characterized by an enlargement and hypertrophy of arteries (intima-media complex thickening, IMT). In this study, we sought to study the relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy with intima-media complex thickening in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing regular hemodialysis. Methods- Sixty-one unselected patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who were undergoing regular and maintenance hemodialysis treatment (F=23, M=38) were studied. The subjects consisted of 50 non-diabetic hemodialysis patients (F=20, M=30) and 11 diabetic hemodialysis patients (F=3, M=8). For all the subjects, echocardiography and carotid intima-media thickness measuring by B-mode ultrasonography were performed. Results- In this study, there was a positive correlation between stages of LVH with duration of hemodialysis treatment, stages of hypertension (HTN), and with carotid-IMT. A positive correlation was also seen between stages of LVH and presence of chest pain, and more thickening of the intima-media complex was seen in the diabetic group. Diabetes mellitus was associated with the presence of chest pain, as was positive correlation between stages of HTN with IMT, and a reverse correlation was observed between IMT with the percent of cardiac ejection fraction. Conclusion- Prevalence of thickening in intima-media complex is more evident in hemodialysis subjects with LVH. When there is LVH, IMT is similar in severity to the LVH (Iranian Heart Journal 2006; 7 (1): 40-46)

Prevalence of antibiotic resistance among bacteria isolates of lower respiratory tract infection in COPD Shahrekord Iran, 2005

Background: Bacterial infection is one of the several important causes of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Antibiotic resistance has increased in all the major pathogens. The objective of this study was investigate frequency of drug resistance of species from LRTs. Methods: This cross sectional study was performed in Hajar hospital of shahrekord-Iran. Protected brush samples were obtained from the lower respiratory tract by bronchoscopy in both hospitalized and ambulatory 54 COPD patients with exacerbations yield. The in vitro susceptibilities of the isolates to 6 antimicrobial agents were then determined by the broth microditution test. Results: Among the s. pneumonia isolates tested 5.9% and 94.1% were intermediate and high level resistant to penicillin and ampicillin respectively. 58.8% of isolates were erythromycin resistance. H.influenzae isolates were 100% resistance to penicillin and ampicillin. Conclusion: Antibiotics are an important part of the treatment of COPD, suggesting that every effort should be made to conserve sensitivity of antibiotic by using them appropriately

Effect of Video Education on Reduction of Post ETC Complications

Introduction: ECT is an effective and unknown treatment in the psychiatric diseases for which the patients and their families have an illogical fear. Horror of brain injury due to ETC is always with the patients . This study is to investigate the effect of video education on decrease of ECT complications. Methods In this blind study ,the patients were given necessary education about ECT through a video film made by researcher and his team (about 25 minutes of lenght) before ETC by the personnel. Then,after the first session , during all other sessions and, at the last session,related questionnnaires were filled after patients were examined by the researcher.Each of the experiment and control group contained 30 samples. Results: The mean of total ETC complications in the first stage was 2 ,the second stage 1.9 , the third stage1.3 the forth stage1.3,the fifth stage 0.6 and the sixth stage it was 1.In educated and non educated groups in the first stage 2.3, the second 2.6,the third 1.9,the forth 2,the fifth 2.7 and the sixth it was 2.2.Education has somehow decreased the complications in stages 2,4,5 and 6 of ECT.There was a significant difference between reduction of headache in stage 5 of ETC and education,between memeory reduction disorder in stages 2 and 5 of ETC and education and finally between reduction of vomiting in stages 2 and 5 of ETC and education. Conclusion:Regarding the association between reduction of complications with education and its further reduction with repitition of watching the educational film,this study is counted as a valuable study which is recommended to be conducted with more samples and facilities

Study of fungal infection frequency in libraries affiliated with Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2013

زمینه و هدف: کتب و اسناد آسیب دیده و آلوده از طریق میکروارگانیسم ها تهدیدی جدی برای سلامتی کاربران و کتابداران هستند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی هوا، سطوح کتاب ها و قفسه های کتابخانه های دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد از نظر حضور انواع قارچ ها انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی تعداد 307 نمونه از قارچ های موجود از هوا و نیز سطوح مختلف کتابخانه شامل مخزن کتب فارسی و لاتین، سالن مطالعه، میز امانت و بخش مجلات نمونه برداری شد. کشت بر روی محیط کشت سابور و دکستروز آگار توسط سواب انجام و بعد از گذشت 10 روز، کلنی های رشد کرده، لام مستقیم تهیه شد و جنس قارچ ها مشخص گردیدند. یافته ها: توزیع فراوانی رشد قارچ ها در کتاب های لاتین بیشتر از کتاب های فارسی، قفسه ها و فضاها بود. فراوان ترین نوع قارچ در بخش های مختلف مورد بررسی، پنی سیلیوم بود. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به رشد بیشتر قارچ ها در کتب لاتین و حضور قارچ هایی از جمله پنی سیلیوم در این کتب، لزوم توجه بیش از پیش به این بخش لازم و ضروری می باشد

Assessment of Pack injection cells and the relationship between hematocrit of pack cells and the increase in hematocrit in patients with thalassemia

Background and aims: The amount of injected blood in patients with thalassemia is of particular importance and the blood amount is calculated based on the exact volume of Pack cell as well as their hematocrit. The aim of this study was to evaluate pack cells and the factors affecting on the amount of their hematocrit and their association with increase in hematocrit after blood injection. Methods: This is descriptive-analytical study. Characteristics including age, size, type of anticoagulant hemoglobin and hematocrit were recorded and one CBC was taken before injection and as well, one and twenty four hours after injection to assessment hemoglobin and hematocrit. The data were analyzed by SPSS. Results: The bag containing the anticoagulant substance CPDA-1 has more hematocrit than bags containing anticoagulant CPD + SAGM. Bags of low leukocytes have more hematocrit than bags of conventional type (P> 0.05). With increase in Pack cell volume, hematocrit will be decreased (P<0.001). Besides, the amount of hematocrit is more 24 hours after the injection than one hour later (P<0.001). Hct changes had a significant difference in the time before, also 1 and 24 hours after injection (P<0.001). Conclusion: Packet cell volume, type of anticoagulant and type of cell pack of the most important factors in the amount of hematocrit in blood bags that affects the hematocrit amount after injection